Table 2: Cytokines and chemokines significantly associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection in the Beninese HIV-1-uninfected and infected CSW cohort.
Cytokines/chemokinesHIV-resistant CSWs HIV-infected CSWs
Genital mucosa  
 TNF- ↓↑
  IFN- ↓↑
  MIP-1 ↑↑↓
  MCP-3↓↑↑
  MIG↓↑↑
Blood  
 IL-2↑↓
 IL-10↑↓
 TNF- ↑↓
 MIP-1 ↑↓
 MIP-1 ↑↓
 MCP-3↓↑
 MIG↓↑
[100, 101].
CSW: commercial sex worker; IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; MCP: monocyte chemotactic protein; MIG: monokine induced by gamma interferon; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; TNF: tumour necrosis factor.