Examining the Relative Contribution of Memory Updating, Attention Focus Switching, and Sustained Attention to Children’s Verbal Working Memory Span
Table 2
Descriptive statistics for all experimental tasks ().
Measure
M
SD
Range
Reliability*
Memory updating and attention focus switching
Updating A (Overall acc)
23.61 (79%)
4.30
16–30
.83
Switch cost accuracy—A
1.70
1.70
−1.00–8.00
Updating V (Overall acc)
24.89 (83%)
3.57
18–30
.84
Switch cost accuracy—V
1.15
1.75
−2.50–6.50
Updating accuracy
.042
1.81
−4.50–2.92
Switch cost accuracy
−.018
1.59
−2.52–4.12
A
Mean switch RT
3372.29
908.18
1560.89–5355.18
.97
Mean non-switch RT
2614.73
688.36
1298.22–4756.65
.98
Mean switch cost RT
757.56
413.17
−6.86–1782.91
V
Mean switch RT
3229.51
852.24
1473.02–5262.23
.98
Mean non switch RT
2482.13
654.55
1402.59–4229.09
.98
Mean switch cost RT
747.38
419.92
−97.42–1692.39
Updating speed on switch
−.028
1.91
−4.06–4.51
Switch cost RT
−.014
1.71
−3.21–3.39
Sustained attention
Gordon—A (hits)
36.54 (81%)
6.18
15–45
.85
prime ( score)
−.009
1.00
−3.72–1.40
Gordon—V (hits)
41.31 (92%)
4.16
19–45
.85
prime ( score)
−.007
1.00
−5.55–.88
Overall prime
−.016
1.71
−7.58–2.27
Verbal working memory (WM) span
Listening span (recall accuracy)
25.95 (65%)
6.70
11–40
.85
Counting span (recall accuracy)
23.07 (64%)
4.50
11–32
.87
Verbal WM span
.000
1.71
−3.80–4.80
A: auditory stimuli; V: visual stimuli; RT: reaction time; *Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of reliability. Outcomes in bold font represent unitary measures obtained by combining -scores from the two separate tasks used for each construct.
