Deficiency in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Accelerates Aging and Spontaneous Carcinogenesis in Mice

Table 1

Age-related dynamics of estrous functional parameters in PARP-1^−/− and PARP-1^+/+ mice.

Age (months)	Number of mice	Length of estrous cycles (days)	Rate (%) of			Number of mice with irregular cycles (%)
			<5 days	5–7 days	>7 days
PARP-1^+/+
2	37	6.7±0.34	14	52	34	18
5	27	5.55±0.50^a	41	36	23	22
8	31	6.08±0.42^b	33	42	25	35
14	18	7.30±1.03	20	50	30	50
17	39	7.42±0.41	13	45	42	23
20	27	6.1±0.35	19	65	16	30
PARP-1^−/−
2	34	7.4±0.49	5	59	36	13
5	23	6.64±0.45^a	23	50	27	17
8	22	6.59±0.56^a	32	36	32	27
14	18	7.91±0.86	27	18	55	44^b
17	27	8.72±0.50^*	17	28	55	11
20	18	5.7±0.56	14	72	14	72^**

Significant in comparison with control: ^*𝑃<.05, ^**−𝑃<.001.
The difference from the parameter at the age of 17 months in the same group: a: 𝑃<.01, b: 𝑃<.05.