Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research

Review Article

Discovery of Novel Sources of Vitamin B12 in Traditional Korean Foods from Nutritional Surveys of Centenarians

Table 4

Daily energy and nutrient intake of Korean centenarians.
Lee et al. [6]Kwak et al. [9]
Male
( 𝑛 = 6 )		Female
( 𝑛 = 4 8 )		Female ( 𝑛 = 7 0 )
Energy (kcal) 1 . 7 1 8 ± 3 2 7 ∗ ∗ 1 . 2 4 7 ± 3 6 3 1 . 1 8 6 ± 4 1 8
Protein (g) 6 9 . 2 ± 2 5 . 6 ∗ ∗ 4 0 . 8 ± 1 8 . 4 4 7 . 3 ± 2 1 . 7 (15.5%)†
Fat (g) 2 7 . 0 ± 8 . 7 1 9 . 3 ± 1 2 . 3 1 9 . 8 ± 1 2 . 4 (13.9%)†
Carbohydrate (g) 2 9 5 . 3 ± 6 7 . 9 ∗ 2 2 5 . 9 ± 6 5 . 1 2 1 5 . 6 ± 7 2 . 1 (70.6%)†
Fiber (g) 6 . 8 ± 4 . 4 5 5 . 0 ± 3 . 2 4 . 5 ± 2 . 9
Cholesterol (mg) 2 6 9 . 0 ± 2 5 9 . 4 1 1 5 . 8 ± 1 6 1 . 2 1 2 3 . 7 ± 1 5 9 . 3
Calcium (mg) 5 6 4 . 1 ± 2 3 7 . 9 ∗ 3 5 2 . 7 ± 2 0 2 . 8 3 5 1 . 7 ± 1 9 3 . 6
Iron (mg) 1 2 . 9 ± 4 . 1 8 . 9 0 ± 5 . 0 2 1 0 . 2 ± 5 . 9
Zinc (mg) 9 . 2 1 ± 3 . 7 6 ∗ ∗ 5 . 8 6 ± 2 . 3 1 5 . 8 ± 2 . 8
Vitamin A (RE) 8 7 8 . 9 ± 6 0 0 . 7 5 8 6 . 1 ± 4 3 8 . 7 4 9 7 . 2 ± 4 2 4 . 8
Vitamin B1 (mg) 1 . 0 ± 0 . 2 0 . 7 ± 0 . 4 0 . 6 ± 0 . 3
Vitamin B2 (mg) 0 . 9 ± 0 . 3 0 . 7 ± 0 . 4 —
Vitamin B6 (mg) 2 . 0 ± 0 . 5 ∗ ∗ 1 . 3 ± 0 . 6 1 . 3 ± 0 . 6
Vitamin B12 (μg)—— 3 . 7 ± 5 . 7
Niacin (mg) 1 5 . 8 ± 5 . 8 ∗ ∗ ∗ 8 . 9 ± 4 . 4 8 . 5 ± 4 . 2
Vitamin C (mg) 7 2 . 8 ± 5 9 . 5 5 5 . 9 ± 3 9 . 0 4 7 . 6 ± 3 2 . 4
Vitamin E (mg) 1 0 . 7 ± 6 . 7 ∗ 5 . 8 ± 4 . 3 5 . 4 ± 4 . 3
Folate (μg)—— 1 5 0 . 6 ± 9 2 . 3
Values are represented as mean ± SD.
Significantly different between males and females at ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 5 , ∗ ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 1 , or ∗ ∗ ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 0 1 .
†% to total calorie intake.