Potential Explanatory Factors for Higher Incident Hip Fracture Risk in Older Diabetic Adults

Table 1

Baseline descriptive characteristics by glycemic status for 5,641 women and men in the CHS.

	Women (𝑛=3254)			Men (𝑛=2387)
	DM (𝑛=465)	IFG (𝑛=1144)	No IFG or DM (𝑛=1645)	DM (𝑛=453)	IFG (𝑛=991)	No IFG or DM (𝑛=943)
Black race	139 (29.9%)^†	162 (14.2%)	248 (15.1%)	84 (18.5%)	100 (10.1%)^‡	142 (15.1%)
Age (years)	72.7 (±5.7)	72.6 (±5.5)	72.4 (±5.3)	72.9 (±5.2)	73.2 (±5.6)	73.5 (±6.1)
Current smoker	50 (10.8%)	149 (13.0%)	213 (13.0%)	42 (9.3%)	105 (10.6%)	118 (12.5%)
Current drinker	122 (26.3%)^†	535 (46.9%)	777 (47.4%)	189 (41.8%)^†	623 (63.2%)	572 (60.9%)
Oral estrogen use	20 (4.3%)^†	102 (8.9%)^†	270 (16.4%)	NA	NA	NA
Calcium supplement use	73 (15.9%)^†	273 (24.1%)^†	513 (31.5%)	35 (7.8%)	95 (9.7%)	92 (9.9%)
Height (cm)	159.4 (±6.3)	158.9 (±6.4)	158.7 (±6.1)	173.6 (±6.8)	172.9 (±6.6)	173.0 (±6.5)
Weight (lbs)	165.2 (±32.3)^†	154.4 (±31.2)^†	141.6 (±28.3)	184.2 (±31.2)^†	177.2 (±26.8)^†	167.1 (±24.8)
BMI (kg/m^2)	29.5 (±5.4)^†	27.7 (±5.2)^†	25.5 (±4.8)	27.7 (±4.3)^†	26.9 (±3.7)^†	25.3 (±3.3)
Waist circumference (cm)	100.4 (±14.1)^†	94.1 (±14.1)^†	88.4 (±13.5)	101.2 (±11.2)^†	98.8 (±10.0)^†	94.6 (±9.5)
Weight at age 50 (lbs)	154.7 (±28.7)^†	141.2 (±23.1)^†	135.3 (±22.1)	184.3 (±29.7)^†	172.6 (±24.1)^†	167.1 (±21.5)
Fasting insulin (IU/mL)	21 (14,31)^*†	14 (11,19)^*†	11 (8,14)*	17 (12,28)^*†	14 (10,19)^*†	11 (8,14)*
Walk time (s to walk 15 ft)	6.7 (±2.7)^†	5.9 (±2.1)	5.9 (±2.3)	6.0 (±3.1)^‡	5.5 (±2.0)	5.5 (±2.2)
Physical activity (kcal/wk)*	210 (0,749)^*†	385 (28,1094)^*‡	495 (79,1193)*	856 (230,1920)^*‡	917 (306,2166)^*‡	1088 (405,2407)*
Frequent falls	33 (7.1%)^†	38 (3.3%)	72 (4.4%)	16 (3.6%)	13 (1.3%)	23 (2.5%)
Vision problem	53 (12.4%)^‡	83 (7.7%)	117 (7.6%)	18 (4.0%)	50 (5.1%)	55 (6.0%)
AAI < 0.90	89 (20.1%)^†	123 (11.1%)	180 (11.2%)	102 (23.2%)^†	129 (13.2%)	112 (12.0%)
Prevalent CVD	151 (32.5%)^†	237 (20.7%)^‡	285 (17.3%)	189 (41.7%)^†	285 (28.8%)	290 (30.8%)
High creatinine (≥1.5 mg/dL men or ≥1.3 mg/dL women)	37 (8.2%)^‡	52 (4.6%)	70 (4.3%)	55 (12.2%)	108 (10.9%)	95 (10.1%)
eGFR <60 mL/min/ 1.73 m^2	99 (21.9%)	245 (21.4%)	333 (20.2%)	118 (26.5%)^‡	245 (24.7%)^‡	196 (20.8%)

Data are means (±standard deviations) or proportions unless otherwise indicated.
*Data are medians (25th percentile, 75th percentile).
^†𝑃 value <0.001. ^‡𝑃 value <0.05.