Neuroinflammation in the Aging Down Syndrome Brain; Lessons from Alzheimer's Disease

Table 1

A summary of the inflammation-related genes located on chromosome 21.

Gene	Protein	Function	Ref
CXADR	Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor	Activation of JNK and p38-MAPK pathways leading to production of M1 cytokines.	[76]
ADAMTS1	ADAM metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1	Secreted protease known to be induced by IL-1β	[81]
ADAMTS5	ADAM metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5	Secreted protease known to be induced by IL-1β and TGFβ.	[82]
TIAM1	T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1	Necessary for cytokine-mediated generation of oxidative species through NADPH oxidase.	[87]
SOD1	Superoxide dismuatose 1	Scavenges superoxide radicals producing H2O2 and O2.	[109]
IFNAR2	Interferon (alpha, beta, and omega) receptor 2	Activates JAK/STAT-mediated pathway in response to IFNα/β.	[110]
IFNAR1	Interferon (alpha, beta, and omega) receptor 1	Activates JAK/STAT-mediated pathway in response to IFNα/β.	[110]
IFNGR2	Interferon gamma receptor 2	Activates JAK/STAT-mediated pathway in response to IFNγ.	[111]
RIPK4	Receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 4	Necessary for signaling through TNFR1	[96]
CBS	Cystathione-beta-synthase	Production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S); a regulator of inflammation	[112]
S100B	S100 calcium binding protein B	Constitutive expression by astrocytes, released in response to TNFα	[113]
PRMT2	Protein arginine methyltransferase 2	Blocks the actions of NFκB in the nucleus	[114]