Research Article

An Exploration of Apathy and Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease

Table 4

Correlations Pearson/Spearman’s rho ( , upper value; , lower value) between impulsiveness (BIS-11) and apathy (AES-C) and key variables for the entire study group.

Impulsivity (BIS-11 total)Apathy (AES-C total)

Demographic and disease variables
Age−0.20, 0.050.46, <0.001
Age of disease onset−0.31, 0.0020.35, <0.001
Years of education−0.01, 0.88−0.15, 0.13
Duration of disease0.07, 0.480.07, 0.50
Hoehn and Yahr0.12, 0.280.30, 0.02
LEDD0.21, 0.040.02, 0.88
LEDD-DA only0.08, 0.44−0.40, <0.001
SOGS0.30, 0.001−0.06, 0.56
UPDRS motor−0.02, 0.840.30, 0.003
UPDRS Complications0.33, 0.001−0.01, 0.92

Psychiatric variables
MMSE total score−0.04,  0.712−0.31, 0.02
HADS anxiety0.37, <0.001−0.01, 0.90
HADS depression0.12, 0.160.60, <0.001
NPI total0.25, 0.010.47, <0.001
NPI delusions−0.01, 0.900.12, 0.22
NPI hallucinations0.07, 0.51−0.00, 0.98
NPI aggression0.29, 0.0040.12, 0.29
NPI depression0.20, 0.050.27, 0.008
NPI anxiety0.19, 0.070.10, 0.32
NPI elation0.23, 0.03−0.16, 0.12
NPI apathy−0.02, 0.840.82, <0.001
NPI disinhibition0.23, 0.02−0.06, 0.53
NPI irritability0.33; 0.010.12, 0.23
NPI aberrant motor0.15, 0.14−0.21, 0.04
NPI sleep0.13, 0.230.20, 0.04
NPI appetite0.09, 0.38−0.08, 0.44