Validation of Geriatric Care Environment Scale in Portuguese Nurses
Table 4
Portuguese Geriatric Care Environment Scale (GCES) subscales and total scores ( 1068).
Variable ()
F1
F2
F3
F4
Total score
M ± SD
()
M ± SD
()
M ± SD
()
M ± SD
()
M ± SD
()
Gender
Male (217) Female (851)
18.2 ± 8.4 16.9 ± 8.3
4.4 (0.036)
15.3 ± 5.8 15.8 ± 5.9
1.2 (0.269)
11.3 ± 5.2 11.6 ± 4.9
0.5 (0.476)
5.2 ± 2.7 5.1 ± 2.7
0.3 (0.585)
50.5 ± 17.1 48.8 ± 16.7
1.8 (0.184)
Hospital type
Academic (647) Centers (421)
16.3 ± 8.2 18.5 ± 8.4
17.4 (<0.001)
14.8 ± 6.2 16.4 ± 5.2
20.7 (<0.001)
11.0 ± 5.0 12.3 ± 4.8
16.7 (<0.001)
4.8 ± 2.7 5.6 ± 2.5
21.5 (<0.001)
46.9 ± 17.0 51.7 ± 15.8
31.1 (<0.001)
Unit type
Critical care (201) Medical (536) Surgery (331)
15.3 ± 9.0 17.4 ± 8.2 17.9 ± 8.1
6.7 (0.001**)
12.0 ± 6.8 16.1 ± 5.3 16.3 ± 5.4
46.6 (<0.001**)
9.2 ± 4.8 12.0 ± 4.8 12.1 ± 4.9
29.4 (<0.001**)
3.9 ± 2.7 5.4 ± 2.6 5.5 ± 2.4
29.9 (<0.001**)
40.1 ± 19.2 50.9 ± 15.6 51.8 ± 15.2
38.4 (<0.001**)
Region
North (375) Center (693)
17.5 ± 8.2 17.0 ± 8.4
0.7 (0.388)
16.5 ± 5.5 14.8 ± 6.0
21.1 (<0.001)
12.9 ± 4.9 10.7 ± 4.8
49.9 (<0.001)
5.5 ± 2.6 4.9 ± 2.7
14.2 (<0.001)
52.4 ± 15.9 47.4 ± 17.0
21.3 (<0.001)
Perception
Hospital educational support
Less (729) Adequate (276) More (63)
15.9 ± 8.1 19.5 ± 8.1 21.9 ± 8.5
30.9 (<0.001**)
14.3 ± 5.8 17.6 ± 5.2 19.5 ± 4.0
52.7 (<0.001*)
10.4 ± 4.7 13.6 ± 4.6 15.6 ± 4.1
72.7 (<0.001*)
4.7 ± 2.6 6.0 ± 2.6 7.1 ± 2.1
46.3 (<0.001*)
45.1 ± 16.1 56.5 ± 14.9 66.1 ± 13.4
82.7 (<0.001*)
Staff knowledge of older adults care
Not very (82) Somewhat (523) Very (463)
14.8 ± 7.8 16.1 ± 8.2 18.6 ± 8.4
13.1 (<0.001***)
13.0 ± 5.9 14.8 ± 5.9 16.5 ± 5.6
17.8 (<0.001*)
9.5 ± 4.9 10.9 ± 4.9 12.6 ± 4.8
21.9 (<0.001**)
4.7 ± 2.8 4.8 ± 2.7 5.5 ± 2.5
10.4 (<0.001***)
43.1 ± 17.0 46.5 ± 16.6 53.2 ± 16.1
26.2 (<0.001***)
Difficulty of caring for older adults
Great (662) Some or not (406)
15.9 ± 8.0 19.2 ± 8.6
41.3 (<0.001)
14.6 ± 5.9 16.7 ± 5.5
33.7 (<0.001)
10.9 ± 5.0 12.4 ± 4.7
23.0 (<0.001)
4.9 ± 2.6 5.5 ± 2.6
15.708 (<0.001)
46.3 ± 16.7 53.9 ± 15.8
53.0 (<0.001)
Reward of caring for older adults
Not (744) Very (324)
16.90 ± 8.0 17.8 ± 9.0
2.4 (0.121)
15.0 ± 5.7 16.3 ± 6.1
11.5 (0.001)
11.1 ± 4.7 12.4 ± 5.5
14.1 (<0.001)
5.0 ± 2.6 5.4 ± 2.8
3.7 (0.053)
48.0 ± 16.2 51.8 ± 18.0
11.1 (0.001)
Of burden of caring older adults
Very (455) Somewhat (545) Not (68)
15.6 ± 7.8 18.2 ± 8.5 18.7 ± 9.2
13.8 (<0.001**)
15.1 ± 5.6 15.6 ± 5.9 15.4 ± 7.0
0.9 (0.386)
11.4 ± 4.9 11.5 ± 4.9 11.6 ± 5.4
0.3 (0.774)
4.9 ± 2.6 5.3 ± 2.7 5.5 ± 2.7
2.6 (0.070)
47.7 ± 15.7 50.7 ± 17.3 51.3 ± 19.0
6.3 (0.002**)
F1: resource availability; F2: aging-sensitive care; F3: institutional values regarding older adults and staff; F4: continuity of care.
*Each group differed from the other two (Turkey’s HDS test, ). **The first group differed from the second and third groups (Turkey’s HDS test, ). ***The third group differed from the first and second groups (Turkey’s HDS test, ).
