Research Article
Prevalence and Determinants of Falls among Older Adults in Ecuador: An Analysis of the SABE I Survey
Table 2
Associations between characteristics of the participants and self-reported falls.
| | | Unadjusted OR
(95% CI) | Adjusted OR
(95% CI) |
| | Sex | | | | Men | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Women | 1.70 (1.46–1.99) | 1.81 (1.32–2.48) | | Age groups, years | | | | 60–69 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | 70–79 | 1.34 (1.13–1.60) | 1.13 (0.83–1.55) | | ≥80 | 1.40 (1.14–1.72) | 0.95 (0.60–1.51) | | Live in rural areas | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.36 (1.17–1.58) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | | Alcohol use | | | | None | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | 1 day per week | 0.66 (0.54–0.81) | 1.16 (0.77–1.73) | | ≥2 days per week | 1.15 (0.70–1.91) | 1.47 (0.53–4.04) | | Self-reported health | | | | Excellent | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Very good | 0.81 (0.30–2.18) | 0.22 (0.19–2.55) | | Good | 1.26 (0.57–2.78) | 0.90 (0.13–6.20) | | Fair | 2.03 (0.93–4.40) | 1.10 (0.16–7.38) | | Poor | 3.39 (1.55–7.41) | 1.51 (0.22–10.4) | | Comorbidities | | | | Cognitive impairment | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.99 (1.65–2.40) | 1.71 (1.18–2.49) | | Depression | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.99 (1.64–2.42) | 1.14 (0.82–1.59) | | Hypertension | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.27 (1.09–1.48) | 1.19 (0.90–1.58) | | Diabetes | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.10 (0.88–1.36) | 1.07 (0.71–1.59) | | COPD | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.45 (1.10–1.89) | 0.98 (0.60–1.59) | | Arthritis | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.72 (1.46–2.01) | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | | Stroke | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.91 (1.42–2.56) | 1.49 (0.86–2.58) | | Urinary incontinence | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.91 (1.60–2.28) | 1.58 (1.13–2.22) | | Cataracts | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.34 (1.13–1.59) | 0.92 (0.66–1.29) | | Physical activity | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.14 (0.96–1.34) | 1.68 (1.23–2.29) | | Lower extremity disability | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 1.41 (1.16–1.71) | 1.20 (0.89–1.61) | | Limitations in ADLs | | | | No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Yes | 2.03 (1.73–2.39) | 1.20 (0.86–1.67) | | Chair stand test | | | | Q1 (4 to 9 sec) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | | Q2 (10 to 11 sec) | 1.07 (0.84–1.38) | 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | | Q3 (12 to 14 sec) | 1.23 (0.96–1.57) | 0.87 (0.58–1.29) | | Q4 (unable and ≥15 sec) | 1.86 (1.45–2.38) | 1.17 (0.78–1.77) |
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Bold numbers represent statistical significance in the final multivariate model.
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