Intraindividual Variability in Domain-Specific Cognition and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Table 1
Means (SDs) of the raw and standardized scores for the cognitive measures at baseline, standardized scores for executive function, verbal episodic memory, overall cognition, IAV Cognitive Domains, and IAV Time for WHISCA participants by group.
Means (SDs)
Cognitive domain
All ()
No impairment ()
MCI
value
Probable dementia
value
MCI or probable dementia ()
value
PMA vocabulary
36.93 (9.580)
37.24 (9.420)
31.19 (10.56)
<0.0001
31.00 (10.44)
<0.0001
30.86 (10.64)
<0.0001
Letter fluency
40.03 (12.35)
40.18 (12.27)
37.47 (13.57)
0.0639
37.82 (14.50)
0.2050
37.15 (13.51)
0.0162
Category fluency
29.15 (6.215)
29.37 (6.168)
24.07 (4.922)
<0.0001
25.44 (6.298)
<0.0001
24.91 (5.589)
<0.0001
*BVRT
6.915 (3.675)
6.755 (3.579)
9.838 (4.122)
<0.0001
10.36 (4.483)
<0.0001
10.01 (4.151)
<0.0001
CVLT (learning)
29.03 (6.174)
29.34 (6.009)
23.05 (5.527)
<0.0001
22.00 (6.931)
<0.0001
23.03 (6.308)
<0.0001
CVLT (short-delay free recall)
8.587 (3.018)
8.756 (2.925)
5.365 (2.672)
<0.0001
4.822 (3.284)
<0.0001
5.287 (2.923)
<0.0001
CVLT (long-delay free recall)
9.334 (2.975)
9.488 (2.893)
6.203 (2.669)
<0.0001
6.022 (3.583)
<0.0001
6.337 (2.984)
<0.0001
Digits forward
7.484 (2.059)
7.524 (2.066)
6.608 (1.719)
<0.0001
6.978 (1.738)
0.0789
6.713 (1.751)
<0.0001
Digits backward
6.723 (2.022)
6.765 (2.029)
6.041 (1.716)
0.0025
5.867 (1.590)
0.0005
5.891 (1.696)
<0.0001
Card rotations
56.38 (26.94)
57.13 (26.81)
43.78 (24.26)
<0.0001
36.89 (26.25)
<0.0001
41.66 (25.30)
<0.0001
Finger tapping (dominant)
38.57 (7.561)
38.67 (7.566)
36.64 (7.242)
0.0237
38.00 (6.801)
0.5583
36.71 (7.245)
0.0113
Finger tapping (nondominant)
36.46 (6.417)
36.58 (6.419)
34.11 (6.080)
0.0012
35.32 (5.915)
0.1931
34.14 (5.955)
0.0002
Standardized total score (-scores): verbal fluency, CVLT, digits forward and backward, and fine motor speed