Associations of Pet Ownership with Older Adults Eating Patterns and Health

Table 1

Regression models of body mass index, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics on health in pet owners and matched nonowners over age of fifty ().

	All older owners versus matched older nonowners
	Total ()					Males ()					Females ()
	B	SE	β	t	Sig.	B	SE	β	t	Sig.	B	SE	β	t	Sig.
Owns pet	−0.75	0.19	−0.30	−3.9	0.001	−0.73	0.38	−0.27	−1.93	0.06	−0.68	0.23	−0.28	−3.04	0.003
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.035	0.02	0.16	2.1	0.04	0.08	0.04	0.31	2.17	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.12	1.29	0.20
Model	^‡R = 0.35; R^2 = 0.12; AR^2 = 0.11; SEE = 1.2					^‡R = 0.48; R^2 = 0.23; AR^2 = 0.19; SEE = 1.2					^‡R = 0.34; R^2 = 0.09; AR^2 = 0.08; SEE = 1.2
Smoke (pack years)	0.35	0.29	0.20	1.2	0.20	0.44	0.51	0.33	0.86	0.40	0.91	0.33	0.14	0.58	0.60
Alcohol (drink/week)	0.20	0.25	0.15	0.8	0.40	0.51	0.55	0.36	0.95	0.40	0.30	0.39	0.18	0.78	0.40
Model	R = 0.28; R^2 = 0.08; AR^2 = 0.01; SEE = 1.5					R = 0.42; R^2 = 0.18; AR^2 = −0.09; SEE = 1.6					R = 0.26; R^2 = 0.07; AR^2 = −0.03; SEE = 1.54
Fruit, vegetable (serving/week)	−0.01	0.01	−0.06	−0.07	0.50	−0.02	0.02	−0.19	−1.13	0.30	0.001	0.01	0.001	0.001	1.00
Whole grain (serving/week)	0.02	0.02	0.12	1.4	0.20	0.05	0.02	0.39	2.42	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.55	0.60
Low fat dairy (serving/week)	−0.01	0.01	−0.06	−0.60	0.50	−0.04	0.02	−0.23	−1.50	0.10	−0.01	0.02	−0.04	−0.35	0.70
Fast food (serving/week)	0.04	0.15	0.03	0.30	0.80	−0.09	0.23	−0.06	−0.40	0.70	0.05	0.19	0.03	0.28	0.80
Added fat (serving/week)	0.20	0.11	0.16	1.83	0.07	0.58	0.19	0.44	3.13	0.003	0.001	0.13	0.001	−0.01	0.90
Fish (serving/week)	−0.03	0.13	−0.02	−0.21	0.80	−0.35	0.25	−0.20	−1.40	0.20	0.07	0.15	0.05	0.48	0.60
Model	R = 0.21; R^2 = 0.04; AR^2 = 0.01; SEE = 1.3					^‡R = 0.62; R^2 = 0.39; AR^2 = 0.28; SEE = 1.2					R = 0.08; R^2 = 0.01; AR^2 = −0.06; SEE = 1.3
	Older dog owners versus matched non-dog owners
	Total ()					Males ()					Females ()
	B	SE	β	t	Sig.	B	SE	β	t	Sig.	B	SE	β	t	Sig.
Owns pet	−0.67	0.23	−0.27	−2.95	0.004	−0.71	0.37	−0.30	−1.94	0.06	−0.64	0.29	−0.26	−2.21	0.03
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.06	0.03	0.22	2.27	0.03	0.13	0.04	0.51	3.48	0.001	0.06	0.04	0.2	1.7	0.10
Model	^‡R = 0.32; R^2 = 0.10; AR^2 = 0.09; SEE = 1.2					^‡R = 0.30; R^2 = 0.09; AR^2 = 0.07; SEE = 1.2					^‡R = 0.26; R^2 = 0.07; AR^2 = 0.05; SEE = 1.2
Smoke (pack years)	0.89	0.42	0.48	2.1	0.06	0.19	0.26	0.46	0.72	0.55	1.3	0.60	0.59	2.17	0.06
Alcohol (drink/week)	0.38	0.34	0.25	1.1	0.30	0.13	0.34	0.23	0.37	0.75	0.34	0.41	0.22	0.82	0.44
Model	R = 0.58; R^2 = 0.33; AR^2 = 0.23; SEE = 1.4					R = 0.47; R^2 = 0.22; AR^2 = −0.56; SEE = 0.56					R = 0.69; R^2 = 0.47; AR^2 = 0.34; SEE = 1.50
Fruit, vegetable (serving/week)	−0.01	0.01	−0.12	−0.97	0.30	−0.03	0.02	−0.28	−1.40	0.17	−0.01	0.02	−0.04	−0.27	0.79
Whole grain (serving/week)	0.02	0.01	0.19	1.69	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.46	2.38	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.09	0.63	0.53
Low fat dairy (serving/week)	−0.01	0.02	−0.06	−0.48	0.60	−0.03	0.03	−0.25	−1.36	0.18	−0.001	0.02	−0.01	−0.06	0.95
Fast food (serving/week)	0.03	0.17	0.02	0.15	0.90	−0.13	0.24	−0.09	−0.53	0.60	0.036	0.25	0.02	0.15	0.89
Added fat (serving/week)	0.32	0.14	0.24	2.3	0.02	0.51	0.20	0.43	2.52	0.02	0.16	0.19	0.12	0.87	0.39
Fish (serving/week)	−0.02	0.15	−0.02	−0.16	0.87	−0.23	0.26	−0.14	−0.86	0.40	0.02	0.20	0.02	0.11	0.91
Model	^‡R = 0.31; R^2 = 0.09; AR^2 = 0.03; SEE = 1.3					^‡R = 0.63; R^2 = 0.40; AR^2 = 0.26; SEE = 1.09					R = 0.14; R^2 = 0.02; AR^2 = −0.09; SEE = 1.32
	Older cat owners versus matched non-cat owners
	Total ( = 58)					Males ( = 12)					Females ( = 46)
	B	SE	β	t	Sig.	B	SE	β	t	Sig.	B	SE	β	t	Sig.
Owns pet	−1.2	0.30	−0.43	−3.57	0.001	−1.37	0.89	−0.45	−1.53	0.16	−0.99	0.316	−0.43	−3.15	0.003
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.013	0.03	0.07	0.50	0.62	0.04	0.09	0.14	0.40	0.70	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.33	0.74
Model	^‡R = 0.43; R^2 = 0.19; AR^2 = 0.17; SEE = 1.1					R = 0.45; R^2 = 0.21; AR^2 = 0.12; SEE = 1.48					^‡R = 0.43; R^2 = 0.18; AR^2 = 0.16; SEE = 1.08
Smoke (pack years)	−0.07	0.39	−0.06	−0.19	0.85	0.60	1.72	0.36	0.35	0.79	−0.24	0.42	−0.21	−0.58	0.58
Alcohol (drink/week)	0.02	0.34	0.01	0.04	0.97	0.20	1.4	0.15	0.14	0.91	−0.17	0.44	−0.14	−0.38	0.71
Model	R = 0.06; R^2 = 0.003; AR^2 = −0.16; SEE = 1.5					R = 0.33; R^2 = 0.11; AR^2 = −1.67; SEE = 3.13					R = 0.29; R^2 = 0.09; AR^2 = −0.14; SEE = 1.27
Fruit, vegetable (serving/week)	−0.004	0.02	−0.05	−0.23	0.82	−0.01	0.07	−0.11	−0.22	0.84	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.98
Whole grain (serving/week)	0.01	0.03	0.08	0.46	0.65	0.95	0.11	0.35	0.84	0.47	0.02	0.03	0.12	0.62	0.54
Low fat dairy (serving/week)	−0.01	0.03	−0.07	−0.43	0.67	0.14	0.15	0.41	0.93	0.42	−0.01	0.03	−0.07	−0.35	0.73
Fast food (serving/week)	0.01	0.3	0.01	0.03	0.97	−0.10	0.86	−0.04	−0.11	0.92	0.04	0.35	0.02	0.11	0.92
Added fat (serving/week)	0.03	0.21	0.02	0.14	0.89	1.20	0.55	0.75	2.17	0.12	−0.24	0.22	−0.20	−1.10	0.28
Fish (serving/week)	0.06	0.30	0.04	0.20	0.85	−0.86	1.04	−0.37	−0.82	0.47	0.25	0.30	0.16	0.83	0.41
Model	R = 0.11; R^2 = 0.01; AR^2 = −0.14; SEE = 1.39					R = 0.84; R^2 = 0.70; AR^2 = 0.10; SEE = 1.49					R = 0.25; R^2 = 0.06; AR^2 = −0.13; SEE = 1.31

Constant. Statistically significant at the level of .