CpG Island Methylation, Microsatellite Instability, and BRAF Mutations and Their Clinical Application in the Treatment of Colon Cancer

Table 2

Studies that examined interactions of MSI, CIMP, and BRAF mutation in colon cancer.

Reference	No. of patients	Stage	MSI (%)	CIMP (%)	BRAF mt (%)	Outcome (no treatment)		5FU-based treatment
						Better	Worse
[27]	605	I–IV	12	16		MSI	MSS/CIMP	MSI and CIMP did not predict outcome with therapy
[28]	206	III	14	33				CIMP predicted benefit with therapy
[29]	911	I–IV	9	27	9.5	MSI/BRAF mt or wt	MSS/BRAF mt; MSS/CIMP
[30]	30	IV	0	10			CIMP	CIMP showed trend for resistance to chemotherapy, NS
[31]	188	IV		15			CIMP	CIMP did not predict outcome with therapy
[32]	582	I–IV	14	17	13	MSI	MSS/CIMP
[33]	134	II-III	31	14	5		MSS/CIMP; MSS/BRAF mt
[34]	130	I–IV	15	18			MSS/CIMP
[35]	649	I–IV	19	19		CIMP, MSI	BRAF mt
[36]	604	I–IV	6	8	15		MSS/CIMP
[37]	1,913 (MMR) 1,584 (BRAF)	II	11		8	MSI	MSS	MSI and BRAF mt did not predict outcome with therapy
[38]	245	I–IV	20	14	5			Stages II/III patients with CIMP benefit from adjuvant treatment
[39]	302	I–IV	25.8	32.7	21	CIMP		CIMP tumor did not benefit from adjuvant treatment
[40]	506	III	15		15	MSI/BRAF wt	MSS/BRAF mt	MSI/BRAF wt and MSS/BRAF mt tumors showed a trend for benefit from IFL, NS

BRAF mt: BRAF mutation, BRAF wt: BRAF wild-type, NS: not statistically significant, IFL: 5FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan.