The Effects of Very-Low-Calorie Diets on HDL: A Review

Table 1

Studies investigating the use of VLCD only.

Study	N	Number of males	Intervention	Duration of intervention	Weight at baseline (Kg)	Weight at end of intervention (Kg)	HDL at baseline; (mmol/L)	HDL at end of intervention (mmol/L)
Clément et al. [13]	21	0	800 kcal/d	28 days	94 (3.0)	88 (3.0)*	1.05 (0.04)	0.9 (0.03)
Clément et al. [13]	8	0	650 kcal/d	2 days	120 (7.7)	119 (8)	1.4 (0.2)	—
Haugaard et al. [14]	13	4	600–800 kcal/d	8 weeks	106.4 (SE: 4.1)	97.0 (SE: 4.3)*	1.3 (SE: 0.1)	1.2 (SE: 0.1)*
Hong et al. [12]	152	0	Black participants 500–800 kcal/d + BT + exercise.	12 weeks	105 (21)	95 (28)*	1.45 (0.39)	1.34 (0.39)*
Hong et al. [12]	152	0	White participants 500–800 kcal/d + BT + exercise.	12 weeks	104 (28)	94 (25)*	1.50 (0.34)	1.37 (0.34)*
Laaksonen et al. [15]	20	9	800 kcal/d	9 weeks	101.3 (12.0)	86.4 (9.6)*	1.17 (0.26)	1.22 (0.18)
Lin et al. [16]	66	24	1200 kcal/d + 450 kcal/d	14 weeks (2 weeks LCD followed by 12 weeks VLCD)	92.5 (14.1)	▵ −8.37 (0.7)*	1.09 (0.20)	▵ −0.26 (0.85)
Lin et al. [16]	66	21	1200 kcal/d + 800 kcal/d	14 weeks (2 weeks LCD followed by 12 weeks VLCD)	92.1 (15.6)	▵ −8.42 (0.7)*	1.15 (0.25)	▵ −0.49 (0.85)

All values are reported as means (standard deviation) unless stated otherwise.
N: number of participants
* 𝑃<.05 compared to baseline
Δ Values reported as change
SE: standard error.