Cholesterol Metabolism and Weight Reduction in Subjects with Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised, Controlled Study
Table 2
Changes in serum noncholesterol sterols and squalene during the intervention.
Control group
Intervention group
Baseline
12 months
Baseline
12 months
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
195.9 ± 9.6
193.9 ± 9.3
181.9 ± 5.2
172.5 ± 5.6
0.219
0.413
Cholesterol synthesis markers
Squalene : cholesterol
26.5 ± 2.6
24.7 ± 2.7
23.5 ± 1.2
22.1 ± 1.7
0.860
0.408
Cholestenol : cholesterol
15.2 ± 1.4
16.9 ± 1.9
22.3 ± 2.9c
18.0 ± 2.9d,e
0.025
0.020
Desmosterol : cholesterol(f)
66.3 ± 4.5
63.4 ± 5.2
77.8 ± 5.0
65.6 ± 2.8
0.131
0.161
Lathosterol : cholesterol(f)
179.4 ± 14
175.1 ± 12.7
208.3 ± 13.0
178.9 ± 14.1
0.126
0.069
Cholesterol absorption markers
Campesterol : cholesterol
206.1 ± 27.7
208.2 ± 18.3
227.1 ± 24.2
235.1 ± 30.6
0.656
0.670
Sitosterol : cholesterol
108.1 ± 11.6
107.5 ± 7.7
132.5 ± 16.0
136.6 ± 16.1
0.843
0.842
Cholestanol : cholesterol
131.1 ± 5.8
130.6 ± 6.1
121.0 ± 4.6
135.5 ± 6.7d
0.002
0.004
Cholesterol metabolism markers
Squalene : Cholestanol
0.21 ± 0.03
0.20 ± 0.03
0.20 ± 0.01
0.18 ± 0.02
0.293
0.109
Cholestenol : Cholestanol
0.12 ± 0.01
0.14 ± 0.02
0.20 ± 0.03c
0.14 ± 0.02d,e
0.006
0.006
Desmosterol : Cholestanol
0.54 ± 0.06
0.52 ± 0.06
0.68 ± 0.06
0.52 ± 0.04d
0.016
0.029
Lathosterol : Cholestanol
1.42 ± 0.12
1.42 ± 0.13
1.81 ± 0.15
1.45 ± 0.17d
0.026
0.017
Values shown are means ± SEM.
aGroup by time interaction analysed with analysis of variance for repeated measurements (GLM). If the baseline differed between groups (), it was taken into account as covariance.
bGroup by time interaction (gender and BMI as covariance).
c denotes a significant difference at the baseline between the groups.
d denotes a significant difference from the baseline within the groups.
e denotes a significant difference at the 12 months between the groups.
f denotes a significant change over time (f) (gender and BMI as covariance).
