Copyright © 2011 Taymaa May et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. J. R. Palmer, “Advances in the epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 155–162, 1994. View at Scopus
2. J. T. Soper and C. B. Hammond, “Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms,” in Danforth’s Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. R. Scott, P. J. DiSaia, C. B. Hammond, and W. D. Spellacy, Eds., pp. 1141–1155, J. B. Lipincott, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 6th edition, 1990.
3. K. D. Bagshawe, “Risk and prognostic factors in trophoblastic neoplasia,” Cancer, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1373–1385, 1976. View at Scopus
4. D. P. Goldstein and R. S. Berkowitz, “Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms: clinical principles of diagnosis and management,” in Major Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 1982.
5. J. R. Lurain, “Advances in management of high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 451–459, 2002. View at Scopus
6. B. H. Martin and J. H. Kim, “Changes in gestational trophoblastic tumors over four decades: a Korean experience,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 60–68, 1998. View at Scopus
7. C. B. Hammond, J. C. Weed, and J. L. Currie, “The role of operation in the current therapy of gestational trophoblastic disease,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 136, no. 7, pp. 844–858, 1980. View at Scopus
8. J. R. Lurain, D. K. Singh, and J. C. Schink, “Role of surgery in the management of high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 773–776, 2006. View at Scopus
9. D. G. Mutch, J. T. Soper, and M. E. Baker, “Role of computed axial tomography of the chest in staging patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 348–352, 1986. View at Scopus
10. E. I. O. Garner, A. Garrett, D. P. Goldstein, and R. S. Berkowitz, “Significance of chest computed tomography findings in the evaluation and treatment of persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 411–414, 2004. View at Scopus
11. K. D. Bagshawe and S. Harland, “Immunodiagnosis and monitoring of gonadotrophin producing metastases in the central nervous system,” Cancer, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 112–118, 1976. View at Scopus
12. Y. Bakri, N. Al-Hawashim, and R. Berkowitz, “CSF/serum β-hCG ratio in patients with brain metastases of gestational trophoblastic tumor,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 94–96, 2000. View at Scopus
13. T. Dhillon, C. Palmieri, N. J. Sebire et al., “Value of whole body FDG-PET to identify the active site of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 879–887, 2006. View at Scopus
14. R. S. Berkowitz and D. P. Goldstein, “Chorionic tumors,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 335, no. 23, pp. 1740–1798, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. E. I. Kohorn, “Negotiating a staging and risk factor scoring system for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a progress report,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 445–450, 2002. View at Scopus
16. R. S. Berkowitz and D. P. Goldstein, “Pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms,” Pathobiology Annual, vol. 11, pp. 391–411, 1981. View at Scopus
17. R. S. Berkowitz and D. P. Goldstein, “Current management of gestational trophoblastic diseases,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 654–662, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
18. W. B. Jones, K. M. Wagner-Reiss, and J. L. Lewis, “Intracerebral choriocarcinoma,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 234–243, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
19. Y. Bakri, R. S. Berkowitz, D. P. Goldstein et al., “Brain metastases of gestational trophoblastic tumor,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 179–184, 1994. View at Scopus
20. M. S. Cagayan and L. R. Lu-Lasala, “Management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with metastasis to the central nervous system: A 12-year review at the Philippine General Hospital,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 785–792, 2006. View at Scopus
21. A. Athanassiou, R. H. J. Begent, and E. S. Newlands, “Central nervous system metastases of choriocarcinoma. 23 years' experience at Charing Cross Hospital,” Cancer, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1728–1735, 1983. View at Scopus
22. T. L. Liu, G. Deppe, Q. T. Chang, and T. T. Tan, “Cerebral metastatic choriocarcinoma in the People's Republic of China,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 166–170, 1983. View at Scopus
23. Y. N. Bakri, J. Subhi, M. Amer et al., “Liver metastases of gestational trophoblastic tumor,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 110–113, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
24. R. S. Berkowitz, D. P. Goldstein, and M. R. Bernstein, “Ten years' experience with methotrexate and folinic acid as primary therapy for gestational trophoblastic disease,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 111–118, 1986. View at Scopus
25. H. D. Homesley, “Single-agent therapy for nonmetastatic and low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 69–74, 1998. View at Scopus
26. R. Osathanondh, D. P. Goldstein, and G. B. Pastorfide, “Actinomycin D as the primary agent for gestational trophoblastic disease,” Cancer, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 863–866, 1975. View at Scopus
27. K. D. Bagshawe, J. Dent, E. S. Newlands, R. H. J. Begent, and G. J. S. Rustin, “The role of low-dose methotrexate and folinic acid in gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTT),” British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 96, no. 7, pp. 795–802, 1989. View at Scopus
28. J. R. Lurain, “Treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumors,” Current Treatment Options in Oncology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 113–124, 2002. View at Scopus
29. R. Osborne and A. Gerulath, “What is the best regimen for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia? A review,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 602–616, 2004. View at Scopus
30. E. S. Petrilli, L. B. Twiggs, J. A. Blessing, N. N. H. Teng, and S. Curry, “Single-dose Actinomycin-D treatment for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. A prospective phase II trial of the Gynecologic Ongology Group,” Cancer, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 2173–2176, 1987. View at Scopus
31. V. Fulop, I. Szigetvari, J. Szepesi, et al., “30 years' experience in the treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in Hungary,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 55, pp. 253–257, 2006.
32. J. P. Roberts and J. R. Lurain, “Treatment of low-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors with single-agent chemotherapy,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 174, no. 6, pp. 1917–1924, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
33. P. G. Rose and M. S. Piver, “Alternating methotrexate and dactinomycin in nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Surgical Oncology, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 148–152, 1989. View at Scopus
34. W. B. Growdon, A. J. Wolfberg, D. P. Goldstein et al., “Evaluating methotrexate treatment in patients with low-risk postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 353–357, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
35. R. J. Osborne, V. Filiaci, J. C. Schink et al., “Phase III trial of weekly methotrexate or pulsed dactinomycin for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a gynecologic oncology group study,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 825–831, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
36. S. McGrath, D. Short, R. Harvey, P. Schmid, P. M. Savage, and M. J. Seckl, “The management and outcome of women with post-hydatidiform mole ‘low-risk’ gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, but hCG levels in excess of 100 000 IU l(-1),” British Journal of Cancer, vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 810–814, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
37. G. J. S. Rustin, E. S. Newlands, J. M. Lutz et al., “Combination but not single-agent methotrexate chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors increases the incidence of second tumors,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 2769–2773, 1996. View at Scopus
38. L. Rojas-Espaillat, K. L. Houck, E. Hernandez, and R. S. Berkowitz, “Fertility-sparing surgery for persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in the myometrium: a case report,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 431–434, 2007. View at Scopus
39. M. Allison, S. Case, T. J. Wilson, and E. M. Greenblatt, “Fertility-sparing surgery, with subsequent pregnancy, in persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Human Reproduction, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 360–364, 2001. View at Scopus
40. N. Behtash, S. Ansari, and F. Sarvi, “Successful pregnancy after localized resection of perforated uterus in choriocarcinoma and a literature review,” International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, vol. 16, pp. 445–448, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
41. S. J. Kim, S. N. Bae, J. H. Kim, C. J. Kim, and J. K. Jung, “Risk factors for the prediction of treatment failure in gestational trophoblastic tumors treated with EMA/CO regimen,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 247–253, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
42. S. L. Curry, J. A. Blessing, P. J. DiSaia, J. T. Soper, and L. B. Twiggs, “A prospective randomized comparison of methotrexate, dactinomycin, and chlorambucil versus methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, melphalan, hydroxyurea, and vincristine in ‘poor prognosis’ metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease: a gynecologic oncology group study,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 357–362, 1989. View at Scopus
43. B. DuBeshter, R. S. Berkowitz, and D. P. Goldstein, “Metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease: experience at the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, 1965 to 1985,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 390–395, 1987. View at Scopus
44. A. N. Gordon, D. M. Gershenson, L. J. Copeland, C. A. Stringer, M. Morris, and J. T. Wharton, “High-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease: further stratification into two clinical entities,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 54–56, 1989. View at Scopus
45. M. Bower, E. S. Newlands, L. Holden et al., “EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors: results from a cohort of 272 patients,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 2636–2643, 1997. View at Scopus
46. G. Bolis, C. Bonazzi, F. Landoni et al., “EMA/CO regimen in high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT),” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 439–444, 1988. View at Scopus
47. S. J. Kim, S. N. Bae, J. H. Kim, C. T. Kim, K. T. Han, and J. M. Lee, “Effects of multiagent chemotherapy and independent risk factors in the treatment of high-risk GTT—25 years experiences of KRI-TRD,” International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 60, pp. S85–S96, 1998.
48. K. D. Bagshawe, “Treatment of high-risk choriocarcinoma,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 813–820, 1984. View at Scopus
49. J. R. Lurain, D. K. Singh, and J. C. Schink, “Primary treatment of metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with EMA-CO chemotherapy,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 767–772, 2006. View at Scopus
50. J. T. Soper, A. C. Evans, D. L. Clarke-Pearson, A. Berchuck, G. Rodriguez, and C. B. Hammond, “Alternating weekly chemotherapy with etoposide-methotrexate-dactinomycin/cyclophosphamide-vincristine for high-risk gestational trophoblatic disease,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 113–117, 1994. View at Scopus
51. Y. Xiang, Z. Sun, X. Wan, and X. Yang, “EMA/EP chemotherapy for chemorefractory gestational trophoblastic tumor,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 443–446, 2004. View at Scopus
52. P. H. Willemse, J. G. Aalders, J. Bouma, and D. T. Sleijfer, “Chemotherapy-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia treated successfully with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 438–440, 1988. View at Scopus
53. S. Piamsomboon, A. P. Kudelka, W. Termrungruanglert et al., “Remission of refractory gestational trophoblastic disease in the brain with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE): first report and review of literature,” European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 453–456, 1997. View at Scopus
54. J. P. Lotz, T. Andre, R. Donsimoni et al., “High dose chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of poor-prognosis germ cell tumors and metastatic trophoblastic disease in adults,” Cancer, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 874–885, 1995. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
55. J. R. Lurain and B. Nejad, “Secondary chemotherapy for high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 618–623, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
56. R. M. Clark, N. S. Nevadunsky, S. Ghosh, D. P. Goldstein, and R. S. Berkowitz, “The evolving role of hysterectomy in gestational Trophoblastic neoplasia at the new England trophoblastic disease center,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 55, no. 5-6, pp. 194–198, 2010.
57. J. T. Soper, “Surgical therapy for gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 168–174, 1994. View at Scopus
58. Y. Tomoda, Y. Arii, and S. Kaseki, “Surgical indications for resection in pulmonary metastasis of choriocarcinoma,” Cancer, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 2723–2730, 1980. View at Scopus
59. E. L. Fleming, L. Garrett, W. B. Growdon et al., “The changing role of thoracotomy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 493–498, 2008. View at Scopus
60. J. L. Edwards, A. R. Makey, and K. D. Bagshawe, “The role of thoractomy in the management of the pulmonary metastases of gestational choriocarcinoma,” Clinical Oncology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 329–339, 1975. View at Scopus
61. R. L. Shirley, D. P. Goldstein, and J. J. Collins Jr., “The role of thoracotomy in the management of patients with chest metastases from gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 545–550, 1972. View at Scopus
62. Y. A. Wang, H. Z. Song, Z. F. Xia, et al., “Drug resistant pulmonary choriocarcinoma metastasis treated by lobectomy. Report of 29 cases,” Chinese Medical Journal, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 758–766, 1980. View at Scopus
63. J. D. Sink, C. B. Hammond, and W. G. Young, “Pulmonary resection in the management of metastases from gestational choriocarcinoma,” Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 830–834, 1981. View at Scopus
64. E. Lehman, D. M. Gershenson, T. W. Burke, C. Levenback, E. G. Silva, and M. Morris, “Salvage surgery for chemorefractory gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 2737–2742, 1994. View at Scopus
65. E. S. Newlands, L. Holden, M. J. Seckl, I. McNeish, S. Strickland, and G. J. S. Rustin, “Management of brain metastases in patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 465–471, 2002. View at Scopus
66. E. S. Newlands, K. D. Bagshawe, R. H. J. Begent, G. J. S. Rustin, and L. Holden, “Results with the EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) regimen in high risk gestational trophoblastic tumours, 1979 to 1989,” British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 550–557, 1991. View at Scopus
67. E. L. Yordan Jr., J. Schlaerth, O. Gaddis, and C. P. Morrow, “Radiation therapy in the management of gestational choriocarcinoma metastatic to the central nervous system,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 627–630, 1987. View at Scopus
68. A. C. Evans Jr., J. T. Soper, D. L. Clarke-Pearson, A. Berchuck, G. C. Rodriguez, and C. B. Hammond, “Gestational trophoblastic disease metastatic to the central nervous system,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 226–230, 1995. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
69. L. C. Wong, Y. C. Choo, and H. K. Ma, “Hepatic metastases in gestational trophoblastic disease,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 107–111, 1986.
70. C. M. Feltmate, D. R. Genest, D. P. Goldstein, and R. S. Berkowitz, “Advances in the understanding of placental site trophoblastic tumor,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 337–341, 2002.
71. M. J. Seckl, N. J. Sebire, and R. S. Berkowitz, “Gestational trophoblastic disease,” Lancet, vol. 376, no. 9742, pp. 717–729, 2010.
72. J. E. Palmer, M. Macdonald, M. Wells, B. W. Hancock, and J. A. Tidy, “Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a review of the literature,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 465–475, 2008. View at Scopus
73. M. S. F. S. Cagayan and M. S. Magallanes, “The role of adjuvant surgery in the management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 513–518, 2008. View at Scopus
74. K. Y. Tse, K. K. Chan, K. F. Tam, et al., “20-Year experience of managing profuse bleeding in gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 397–401, 2007. View at Scopus
75. S. Yingna, X. Yang, Y. Xiuyu, and S. Hongzhao, “Clinical characteristics and treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumor with vaginal metastasis,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 416–419, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
76. F. C. Grumbine, N. B. Rosenshein, H. D. Brereton, and S. L. Kaufman, “Management of liver metastasis from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 137, no. 8, pp. 959–961, 1980. View at Scopus
77. L. A. Cole, “hCG, its free subunits and its metabolites: roles in pregnancy and trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 3–10, 1998. View at Scopus
78. L. A. Cole, E. I. Kohorn, and G. S. Kim, “Detecting and monitoring trophoblastic disease: new perspectives on measuring human chorionic gonadotropin levels,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 193–200, 1994. View at Scopus
79. L. A. Cole and S. Butler, “Detection of hCG in trophoblastic disease: the USA hCG reference service experience,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 433–444, 2002. View at Scopus
80. B. W. Hancock, “hCG measurement in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a critical appraisal,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 859–860, 2006. View at Scopus
81. H. Mitchell, K. D. Bagshawe, E. S. Newlands, P. Savage, and M. J. Seckl, “Importance of accurate human chorionic gonadotropin measurement in the treatment of gestational trophoblast disease and testicular cancer,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 868–870, 2006. View at Scopus
82. L. A. Cole and E. I. Kohorn, “The need for an hCG assay that appropriately detects trophoblastic disease and other hCG-producing cancers,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 793–811, 2006. View at Scopus
83. E. I. Kohorn, “What we know about low-level hCG: definition, classification and management,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 433–437, 2004. View at Scopus
84. D. Hwang and B. W. Hancock, “Management of persistent, unexplained, low-level human chorionic gonadotropin elevation: a report of 5 cases,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 559–562, 2004. View at Scopus
85. S. A. Khanlian and L. A. Cole, “Management of gestational trophoblastic disease and other cases with low serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 812–818, 2006. View at Scopus
86. L. A. Cole, Y. Sasaki, and C. Y. Muller, “Normal production of human chorionic gonadotropin in menopause,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 356, no. 11, pp. 1184–1186, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
87. L. A. Cole, S. A. Khanlian, and C. Y. Muller, “Normal production of human chorionic gonadotropin in perimenopausal and menopausal women and after oophorectomy,” International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1556–1559, 2009. View at Scopus
88. D. G. Mutch, J. T. Soper, C. J. Babcock, D. L. Clarke-Pearson, and C. B. Hammond, “Recurrent gestational trophoblastic disease. Experience of the Southeastern Regional Trophoblastic Disease Center,” Cancer, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 978–982, 1990. View at Scopus
89. D. P. Goldstein, I. V. Zanten-Przybysz, M. R. Bernstein, and R. S. Berkowitz, “Revised FIGO staging system for gestational trophoblastic tumors: recommendations regarding therapy,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 37–43, 1998. View at Scopus
90. H. Y. S. Ngan, K. F. Tam, KA. W. Lam, and K. K. L. Chan, “Relapsed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a 20-year experience,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 829–834, 2006. View at Scopus
91. L. A. Garrett, E. I. O. Garner, C. M. Feltmate, D. P. Goldstein, and R. S. Berkowitz, “Subsequent pregnancy outcomes in patients with molar pregnancy and persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 481–486, 2008. View at Scopus
92. A. Ayhan, M. H. Ergeneli, K. Yuce, E. G. Yapar, and A. H. Kisnisci, “Pregnancy after chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 522–524, 1990. View at Scopus
93. J. H. Kim, D. C. Park, S. N. Bae, S. E. Namkoong, and S. J. Kim, “Subsequent reproductive experience after treatment for gestational trophoblastic disease,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 108–112, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
94. J. J. Kjer and T. Iversen, “Malignant trophoblastic tumours in Norway. Fertility rate after chemotherapy,” British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 97, no. 7, pp. 623–625, 1990. View at Scopus
95. O. Kobayashi, H. Matsui, and H. Takamizawa, “Analysis of pregnancy outcome after chemotherapy of trophoblastic disease,” Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 181–186, 1986.
96. H. Y. S. Ngan, L. C. Wong, and H. K. Ma, “Reproductive performance of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease in Hong Kong,” Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 11–14, 1988. View at Scopus
97. H. Z. Song, P. C. Wu, Y. E. Wang, X. Y. Yang, and S. Y. Dong, “Pregnancy outcomes after successful chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma and invasive mole: long-term follow-up,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 158, no. 3 I, pp. 538–545, 1988. View at Scopus
98. D. H. Van Thiel, G. T. Ross, and M. B. Lipsett, “Pregnancies after chemotherapy of trophoblastic neoplasms,” Science, vol. 169, no. 952, pp. 1326–1327, 1970. View at Scopus
99. R. P. Woolas, M. Bower, E. S. Newlands, M. Seckl, D. Short, and L. Holden, “Influence of chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease on subsequent pregnancy outcome,” British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 105, no. 9, pp. 1032–1035, 1998. View at Scopus
100. H. Matsui, Y. Iitsuka, K. Suzuka, et al., “Early pregnancy outcomes after chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumor,” The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 531–534, 2004.
101. R. Osborne, A. Covens, D. E. Merchandani, and A. Gerulath, “Successful salvage of relapsed high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients using a novel paclitaxel-containing doublet,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 655–661, 2004.
102. J. Wang, D. Short, N. J. Sebire et al., “Salvage chemotherapy of relapsed or high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) with paclitaxel/cisplatin alternating with paclitaxel/ etoposide (TP/TE),” Annals of Oncology, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1578–1583, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
103. X. Wan, X. Yang, Y. Xiang et al., “Floxuridine-containing regimens in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumor,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 453–456, 2004. View at Scopus
104. H. Matsui, Y. Iitsuka, K. Suzuka, K. Yamazawa, A. Mitsuhashi, and S. Sekiya, “Salvage chemotherapy for high-risk gestational trophopblastic tumor,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 438–442, 2004. View at Scopus
105. A. N. Gordon, J. J. Kavanagh, and D. M. Gershenson, “Cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin combination therapy in resistant gestational trophoblastic disease,” Cancer, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1407–1410, 1986. View at Scopus
106. B. DuBeshter, R. S. Berkowitz, D. P. Goldstein, and M. Bernstein, “Vinblastine, cisplatin and bleomycin as salvage therapy for refractory high-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 189–192, 1989. View at Scopus
107. M. Azab, J. P. Droz, C. Theodore, J. P. Wolff, and J. L. Amiel, “Cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin combination in the treatment of resistant high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors,” Cancer, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 1829–1832, 1989. View at Scopus
108. W. B. Jones, J. Schneider, F. Shapiro, and J. L. Lewis, “Treatment of resistant gestational choriocarcinoma with taxol: a report of two cases,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 126–130, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
109. G. P. Sutton, J. T. Soper, J. A. Blessing, K. D. Hatch, and D. R. Barnhill, “Ifosfamide alone and in combination in the treatment of refractory malignant gestational trophoblastic disease,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 167, no. 2, pp. 489–495, 1992. View at Scopus
110. P. L. Giacalone, P. Benos, D. Donnadio, and F. Laffargue, “High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 383–385, 1995. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
111. K. Van Besien, C. Verschraegen, R. Mehra et al., “Complete remission of refractory gestational trophoblastic disease with brain metastases treated with multicycle ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) and stem cell rescue,” Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 366–369, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
112. M. S. F. S. Cagayan, “Sexual dysfunction as a complication of treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 595–599, 2008.