| | Frequency band | Study | Stimulus | Bit rate (bits/min) | | | Device | Shape | Frequency (Hz) | Color |
| | L | Kluge and Hartmann,2007 [54] | TFT | Checkerboard | 10, 12 Hz | — | — | | Trejo et al. 2006 [55] | LCD | Checkerboard | 5, 5.625, 6.4, 6.9 Hz | White/black | — | | Lalor et al. 2005 [56] | — | Checkerboard | 8.5, 10 Hz | White/black | 10.3 |
| | M | Kelly et al. 2004 [16] | — | Checkerboard | 17, 20 Hz | White/black | — |
| | L+M | Vasquez et al. 2008 [57] | CRT | Checkerboard | 8.8, 9.4, 11.55, 12.5, 13.65, 15, 16.7, 18.8 Hz | White/black | 45.5 | | Oehler et al. 2008 [58] | — | Checkerboard | 10–15 Hz | White/black | 12.5 | | Martinez et al. (2008 [59], 2007 [60]) | CRT | Checkerboard | 5, 6, 7, 8 Hz; 12, 13.3, 15, 17 Hz | White/black | 26–30 | | Krusienski and Allison, 2008 [61] | — | Checkerboard | 6, 15 Hz | White/black | — | | Allison et al. 2008 [62] | CRT | Lineboxes and checker-board | 6, 15 Hz | White/black; gray/white; red/gray; green/gray | — | | Bakardjian et al. 2007 [63] | — | Checkerboard | 8, 12, 14, 28 Hz | White/black | — | | Mukesh et al. 2006 [64] | — | Checkerboard | 6, 7, 12, 13, 14 Hz | White/black | — | | Jaganathan et al. 2005 [65] | — | Checkerboard | 6–15 Hz | White/black | — |
| | — | Lalor et al. 2004 [66] | — | Checkerboard | — | White/black | — |
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