Convergence Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimizer and Its Improved Algorithm Based on Velocity Differential Evolution

Table 2

Comparing the maximum value of H-PSO-DE with respect to the other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Function	Maximum value of the solution
	H-PSO-DE	H-PSO	DE	PSO-DE
𝑓1	6.35𝑒−8	8.74𝑒−7	6.20𝑒−3	4.81𝑒−6
𝑓2	5.94𝑒−7	6.61𝑒−7	7.24𝑒−4	1.25𝑒−6
𝑓3	7.12𝑒−6	4.91𝑒−5	6.16𝑒−2	2.73𝑒−4
𝑓4	4.25𝑒−7	3.46𝑒−6	4.91𝑒−3	2.51𝑒−6
𝑓5	4.34𝑒−9	5.24𝑒−9	7.61𝑒−5	9.42𝑒−9
𝑓6	5.32𝑒−10	1.81𝑒−9	2.81𝑒−8	1.05𝑒−9