Convergence Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimizer and Its Improved Algorithm Based on Velocity Differential Evolution

Table 3

Comparing the minimum value of H-PSO-DE with respect to the other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Function	Minimum value of the solution
	H-PSO-DE	H-PSO	DE	PSO-DE
𝑓1	9.34𝑒−9	5.21𝑒−7	5.28𝑒−7	5.94𝑒−8
𝑓2	1.56𝑒−7	4.26𝑒−7	3.92𝑒−7	2.63𝑒−7
𝑓3	8.35𝑒−7	2.74𝑒−5	1.97𝑒−4	6.91𝑒−6
𝑓4	8.61𝑒−8	7.54𝑒−7	3.71𝑒−6	3.08𝑒−7
𝑓5	5.97𝑒−10	2.01𝑒−9	8.87𝑒−8	9.86𝑒−10
𝑓6	1.23𝑒−10	3.51𝑒−10	6.24𝑒−10	2.37𝑒−10