Research Article

A Functional Model of Sensemaking in a Neurocognitive Architecture

Table 4

Source of cognitive biases in the ACT-R integrated model of the AHA tasks.

Cognitive bias Mechanism Source of bias in functional model (ACT-R)

Confirmation biasAttentional effect (seeking)Feature selection behavior such as selecting SIGINT too early. Blended retrieval during layer choice using stored utilities.
Overscaling in rule application  
(weighing)
Bias in blended retrieval of mappings from likelihood factor to revised probability (low value). Weighted-distance utilities used for layer selections shows confirmation bias in weighing.

Anchoring in learning Underscaling in rule applicationBias in blended retrieval of mappings from likelihood factor to revised probability (high values)
Centroid computationInertia from centroid estimates to consolidated values to DM. Productions encoding thresholds in distance for centroid updating

Representativeness Base-rate neglectBase rate not a cue for matching to a category. Compute distance to category centroid rather than cloud of events. Blended retrievals ignore number of events

Probability matchingResource allocationUse of instance-based learning leads to tendency of risk aversion against winner-take-all instances, leading to the tendency for the blended retrieval of instances between pure probability matching and winner-take-all