Inversion for Refractivity Parameters Using a Dynamic Adaptive Cuckoo Search with Crossover Operator Algorithm

Table 1

Synthetic data: the statistical results for atmospheric duct parameters estimation of DACS-CO, CS, GA, and PSO algorithm.

Parameter	True value	Retrieval value				Relative error (RE)
		GA	PSO	CS	DACS-CO	GA	PSO	CS	DACS-CO
(M-units/m)	0.33	0.21	0.446	0.359	0.323	36.40%	35.15%	8.91%	2.10%
(M-units/m)						15.30%	5.47%	5.57%	4.87%
(m)	40	46.569	37.244	36.788	40.98	16.40%	6.89%	8.03%	2.40%
(m)	30	24.706	27.249	31.601	28.536	17.60%	9.17%	5.34%	4.88%