| EEG paradigms | Authors | Classification methods |
| SSVEP | Chu et al. [125] | LDA, 3 classes (20, 15, 12 Hz) | Bi et al. [126] | LDA, 2 classes (12, 13 Hz) | Oikonomou et al. [92] | LDA, 5 classes (6.66, 7.5, 8.57, 10, 12 Hz) | Maggi et al. [127] | RLDA, 5 classes (6, 7, 8, 10 Hz, idle) | Singa and Haseena [128] | SVM, 4 classes (7, 9, 11, 13 Hz) | Bi et al. [129] | SVM, 3 classes (12, 13 Hz, idle) | Sakurada et al. [130] | SVM, 4 classes (6, 7, 8, nonfixation) | Jian and Tang [35] | OVO RBF SVM, 5 classes (8, 10, 12, 14, 15 Hz) | Cecotti and Gräser [131] | TDNN, 5 classes (13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Hz) | Cecotti [132] | CNN, 5 classes (6.66, 7.5, 8.57, 10, 12 Hz) | Hartmann and Kluge [133] | HMM, 3 classes (10, 12, 15 Hz) | Ko et al. [134] | kNN, 2 classes (15, 20 Hz) | Oikonomou et al. [92] | kNN, 5 classes (6.66, 7.5, 8.57, 10, 12 Hz) |
| P300 | Gareis et al. [135] | LDA, P300 Speller | Onishi and Natsume [136] | Ensemble Stepwise LDA, P300 Speller | Elwardy et al. [137] | Disjunctive Normal Unsupervised LDA, P300 Speller | Li et al. [31] | SVM, P300 speller | Raju et al. [138] | Least Square SVM (LS-SVM), Competition III, Dataset II (P300 Speller) | Li et al. [139] | Self-Training Semisupervised SVM, P300 Speller | Yang et al. [140] | LVQNN, 7 classes (oddball paradigm) | Turnip et al. [141] | MNN, raw data in Hoffmann et al. | Cecotti and Gräser [142] | CNN, P300 Speller | Helmy et al. [143] | HMM, raw data in Hoffmann et al. | Speier et al. [144] | HMM, P300 Speller | Syan and Harnarinesingh [80] | kNN, P300 Speller, BCI Competition II | Chikara and Ko [145] | kNN, 2 classes |
| MI | Chen et al. [32] | LDA, 2 classes (left or right hand) | Steyrl et al. [146] | Shrinkage RLDA, 2 classes (right hand and feet) | Vidaurre et al. [147] | KALDA, 2 classes (left or right hand) | Rathipriya et al. [148] | SVM, 2 classes, Dataset IVa (right hand, foot) and IVb (left hand, foot), BCI Competition III | Oskoei et al. [149] | supervised and unsupervised SVM, 3 classes, Dataset V, BCI Competition III (left or right hand, word association) | Siuly and Li [150] | LS-SVM, 2 classes, Dataset IVa and IVb, BCI Competition III | Hamedi et al. [151] | BP, 3 classes (left or right hand, tongue) | Wei et al. [152] | LVQNN, 2 classes (left or right hand) | Hazrati and Erfanian [153] | APNN, 2 classes (left or right hand), BCI competition 2003, data set III | Haselsteiner and Pfurtscheller [154] | TDNN, 2 classes (left or right hand) | Siuly et al. [155] | Naïve Bayes, 2 classes, Dataset IVa and IVb, BCI Competition III | Obermaier et al. [156] | HMM, 2 classes (left or right hand) | Suk and Lee [157] | HMM, Dataset IIa, BCI Competition IV (2008), 4 classes (left or right hand, feet, tongue) | | kNN, 2 classes (left or right hand), | Bashar et al. [89] | BCI Competition 2003 data set (motor imagery III) | Bashar and Bhuiyan [158] | BCI Competition II data set (GRAZ motor imagery III) | Diana Eva and Tarniceriu [159] | kNN, 2 classes (left or right hand), BCI Competition 2002 |
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