Research Article
Modified Discrete Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm for Multilevel Image Thresholding
Table 5
STD metrics of MTEMO, DE, ABC, GWO, and MDGWO.
| Image | | MTEMO | DE | ABC | GWO | MDGWO |
| Camerman | 2 | 0.1849 | 1.2592 | 0.1235 | 0.1697 | 0.0462 | 3 | 0.1649 | 1.7601 | 0.2122 | 0.2287 | 0.0758 | 4 | 0.2943 | 2.1995 | 0.3003 | 0.3627 | 0.0659 | 5 | 0.2999 | 2.6579 | 0.2784 | 0.4278 | 0.1964 |
| Lena | 2 | 0.0969 | 1.2902 | 0.0349 | 0.1536 | 0.0126 | 3 | 0.1665 | 1.7822 | 0.1300 | 0.3570 | 0.0264 | 4 | 0.2800 | 2.2104 | 0.1872 | 0.5965 | 0.0939 | 5 | 0.2515 | 2.5992 | 0.1827 | 0.5946 | 0.1570 |
| Baboon | 2 | 0.0108 | 1.2862 | 0.0358 | 0.2171 | 0.0102 | 3 | 0.0393 | 1.7678 | 0.0202 | 0.4376 | 0.0156 | 4 | 0.1727 | 2.2126 | 0.1610 | 0.2986 | 0.1184 | 5 | 0.2868 | 2.6239 | 0.2660 | 0.5377 | 0.2316 |
| Butterfly | 2 | 0.0903 | 1.2708 | 0.0750 | 0.2179 | 0.0465 | 3 | 0.2207 | 1.7429 | 0.2952 | 0.2712 | 0.2036 | 4 | 0.2482 | 2.2368 | 0.3906 | 0.4808 | 0.2415 | 5 | 0.2900 | 2.6571 | 0.4818 | 0.5096 | 0.2684 |
| Maize | 2 | 0.0356 | 1.3501 | 0.0218 | 0.3571 | 0.0188 | 3 | 0.1222 | 1.8612 | 0.0901 | 0.2225 | 0.0270 | 4 | 0.2305 | 2.3230 | 0.2605 | 0.3903 | 0.0927 | 5 | 0.2502 | 2.7461 | 0.3834 | 0.4584 | 0.1677 |
| Sea Star | 2 | 0.1073 | 1.3547 | 0.1088 | 0.1728 | 0.0290 | 3 | 0.1497 | 1.8741 | 0.1752 | 0.2028 | 0.0374 | 4 | 0.1596 | 2.3307 | 0.1817 | 0.5032 | 0.1119 | 5 | 0.2639 | 2.7550 | 0.2180 | 0.4550 | 0.1437 |
| Smiling Girl | 2 | 0.0377 | 1.2516 | 0.0318 | 0.1834 | 0.0111 | 3 | 0.0955 | 1.7311 | 0.0577 | 0.1712 | 0.0242 | 4 | 0.1966 | 2.1878 | 0.1094 | 0.2508 | 0.0781 | 5 | 0.1550 | 2.5989 | 0.2768 | 0.5273 | 0.1302 |
| Surfer | 2 | 0.0579 | 1.3213 | 0.0303 | 0.2681 | 0.0245 | 3 | 0.1002 | 1.8337 | 0.1646 | 0.3014 | 0.0996 | 4 | 0.3382 | 2.3317 | 0.1686 | 0.3162 | 0.1424 | 5 | 0.3690 | 2.7846 | 0.2580 | 0.3815 | 0.1706 |
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