Research Article

Multiscale Cooperative Differential Evolution Algorithm

Table 7

Comparison results of MCDE with CLPSO, CMA-ES, and GL-25 (D = 30).

FunctionCLPSOCMA-ESGL-25MCDE

Unimodal functionF10.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00≈1.58E − 25 ± 3.35E − 26−5.60E − 27 ± 1.76E − 26−0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00
F28.40E + 02 ± 1.90E + 02−1.12E − 24 ± 2.93E − 25−4.04E + 01 ± 6.28E + 01−8.52E − 28 ± 3.79E − 28
F31.42E + 07 ± 4.19E + 06−5.54E − 21 ± 1.69E − 21+2.19E + 06 ± 1.08E + 06−3.82E − 12 ± 1.64E − 11
F46.99E + 03 ± 1.73E + 03−9.15E + 05 ± 2.16E + 06−9.07E + 02 ± 4.25E + 02−7.12E − 22 ± 3.13E − 21
F53.86E + 03 ± 4.35E + 02−2.77E − 10 ± 5.04E − 11+2.51E + 03 ± 1.96E + 02−4.54E − 10 ± 6.03E − 10

Basic multimodal functionF64.16E + 00 ± 3.48E + 00−4.78E − 01 ± 1.32E + 00−2.15E + 01 ± 1.17E + 00−3.18E − 01 ± 1.10E + 00
F74.51E − 01 ± 8.47E − 02−1.82E − 03 ± 4.33E − 03−2.78E − 02 ± 3.62E − 02−1.67E − 03 ± 4.06E − 03
F82.09E + 01 ± 4.41E − 02−2.03E + 01 ± 5.72E − 01+2.09E + 01 ± 5.94E − 02−2.09E + 01 ± 4.25E − 02
F90.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00+4.45E + 02 ± 7.12E + 01−2.45E + 01 ± 7.35E + 00−2.56E − 07 ± 5.94E − 07
F101.04E + 02 ± 1.53E + 01−4.63E + 01 ± 1.16E + 01−1.42E + 02 ± 6.45E + 01−2.23E + 01 ± 6.39E + 00
F112.60E + 01 ± 1.63E + 00−7.11E + 00 ± 2.14E + 00+3.27E + 01 ± 7.79E + 00−1.45E + 01 ± 7.73E + 00
F121.79E + 04 ± 5.24E + 03−1.26E + 04 ± 1.74E + 04−6.53E + 04 ± 4.69E + 04−1.71E + 03 ± 2.33E + 03

Expanded multimodal functionF132.06E + 00 ± 2.15E − 01−3.43E + 00 ± 7.60E − 01−6.23E + 00 ± 4.88E + 00−1.78E + 00 ± 2.04E − 01
F141.28E + 01 ± 2.48E − 01−1.47E + 01 ± 3.31E − 01−1.31E + 01 ± 1.84E − 01−1.23E + 01 ± 2.53E − 01

Hybrid composition functionF155.77E + 01 ± 2.76E + 01−5.55E + 02 ± 3.32E + 02−3.04E + 02 ± 1.99E + 01+4.00E + 02 ± 1.15E + 02
F161.74E + 02 ± 2.82E + 01−2.98E + 02 ± 2.08E + 02−1.32E + 02 ± 7.60E + 01−5.48E + 01 ± 2.92E + 01
F172.46E + 02 ± 4.81E + 01−4.43E + 02 ± 3.34E + 02−1.61E + 02 ± 6.80E + 01−6.41E + 01 ± 7.58E + 01
F189.13E + 02 ± 1.42E + 00−9.04E + 02 ± 3.01E − 01≈9.07E + 02 ± 1.48E + 00−9.03E + 02 ± 5.59E − 01
F199.14E + 02 ± 1.45E + 00−9.16E + 02 ± 6.03E + 01−9.06E + 02 ± 1.24E + 00−9.03E + 02 ± 2.01E − 01
F209.14E + 02 ± 3.62E + 00−9.04E + 02 ± 2.71E − 01≈9.07E + 02 ± 1.35E + 00−9.03E + 02 ± 2.40E − 01
F215.00E + 02 ± 3.39E − 13≈5.00E + 02 ± 2.68E − 12≈5.00E + 02 ± 4.83E − 13≈5.00E + 02 ± 6.76E − 14
F229.72E + 02 ± 1.20E + 01−8.26E + 02 ± 1.46E + 01+9.28E + 02 ± 7.04E + 01−8.69E + 02 ± 1.92E + 01
F235.34E + 02 ± 2.19E − 04≈5.36E + 02 ± 5.44E + 00≈5.34E + 02 ± 4.66E − 04≈5.34E + 02 ± 3.40E − 13
F242.00E + 02 ± 1.49E − 12≈2.12E + 02 ± 6.00E + 01−2.00E + 02 ± 5.52E − 11≈2.00E + 02 ± 2.90E − 14
F252.00E + 02 ± 1.96E + 00+2.07E + 02 ± 6.07E + 00≈2.17E + 02 ± 1.36E − 01−2.09E + 02 ± 2.84E − 01

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