|
Substrate | Treatment applied | Possible constituents | Microorganisms | Maximum PHA produced | References |
|
Sugarcane molasses | Acidogenic fermentation | VFAs | Glycogen accumulating organisms |
0.47–0.66 C-mol PHA/C-mol of total carbon |
[28] |
56–70 mol-% 3HB, |
13–43 mol-% 3HV, |
1–23 mol-% 3HHx, |
0–2 mol-% 3H2MB, and 3H2MV |
|
Cassava starch wastewater | Acidogenic fermentation | Acetate, butyrate acids, propionate, pH-5.3, and high COD value. | Cupriavidus sp. KKU38 | PHB; 85.53% of CDW | [52] |
|
Sugar refinery waste (cane molasses) | Acid treatment and activated charcoal | Carbohydrate (4%) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PHB; 62.44% of CDW | [53] |
|
Cynodon dactylon grass and syzygium cumini seed; | Pulverization followed by hydrolysis | Glucose | SP-Y1 and Ralstonia eutropha | SP-Y1 (PHB) |
[54] |
H.S |
26.76% of CDW |
H.G |
41.7% of CDW |
R. eutropha (PHB) |
H.S |
42.2% of CDW |
H.G |
28.97% of CDW |
|
Milk and icecream wastewater | Acidogenic fermentation | VFAs | Activated sludge | 0.25 kg PHA/kg of COD | [11] |
|
Palm oil mill effluents | Acidogenic fermentations | Acetate, propionate, and butyrate | Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 | At 20th and 40th hr |
[55] |
0.75 g PHA/g CDW |
At 40th and 60th hr |
0.41 g PHA/g CDW |
|
Rice straw | Acidic treatment | Pentose sugars and hemicelluloses | Bacillus firmus NII 0830 | PHB; 89% of CDW | [56] |
|
Seed oil of Jatropha curcas | Saponification | Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid | Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347
| P(3HB-co-3HV); 26.06% CDW | [57] |
|
Hemicellulosic feedstock (sugarcane bagasse) | Acid hydrolysis, boiling, precipitation, and activated charcoal | Xylose, arabinose, glucose, and acetic acids | Burkholderia cepacia IPT 048 and Bacillus sacchari IPT 101 | IPT 048 |
[58] |
PHB; 62% of CDW |
IPT 101 |
PHB; 53% of CDW |
|
25% and 50% of vinasse (ethanol industry waste) | Activated charcoal | Sucrose, oxalate, lactate, malate, and pyruvate | Haloferax mediterranei | PHB; 70% of CDW | [59] |
|
Paper mill wastewater | Acidogenic fermentation | VFAs | Activated sludge | PHB and PHV; 48% of SDW | [16] |
|