Numerical Simulation and Investigation of System Parameters of Sonochemical Process

Table 6

Effect of dissolved gas content on sonochemical process.

	Conditions at the first collapse of the bubble
	Air bubble	Nitrogen bubble	Oxygen bubble	Argon bubble
	𝑇max=3999 K	𝑇max=4379 K	𝑇max=4155 K	𝑇max=4551 K
	𝑃max=696.7 MPa	𝑃max=772.3 MPa	𝑃max=758.2 MPa	𝑃max=786.6 MPa
	𝑉turb=0.36 m/s	𝑉turb=0.37 m/s	𝑉turb=0.37 m/s	𝑉turb=0.37 m/s
	𝑃AW=24.04 MPa	𝑃AW=28.25 MPa	𝑃AW=30.78 MPa	𝑃AW=27.28 MPa
	𝑁N2=1.28×10^10	𝑁N2=1.63×10^10	𝑁O2=1.63×10^10	𝑁Ar=1.63×10^10
	𝑁O2=3.41×10^9	𝑁W=3.88×10^9	𝑁W=3.88×10^9	𝑁W=2.54×10^9
	𝑁W=2.91×10^9
Species	Equilibrium composition of species in the bubble at collapse
	Air bubble	Nitrogen bubble	Oxygen bubble	Argon bubble
N2	6.26×10^−1	8.05×10^−1	—	—
O2	1.28×10^−1	2.80×10^−4	7.93×10^−1	1.09×10^−3
Ar	—	—	—	8.65×10^−1
H2O	1.41×10^−2	9.69×10^−3	1.13×10^−2	9.21×10^−3
N	1.56×10^−5	5.85×10^−5	—	—
O	5.95×10^−3	5.06×10^−4	1.87×10^−2	1.34×10^−3
H	2.83×10^−4	2.48×10^−3	2.21×10^−4	2.59×10^−3
N3	—	1.45×10^−6	—	—
O3	1.70×10^−5	—	3.28×10^−4	—
H2	2.53×10^−4	6.73×10^−3	1.03×10^−4	4.31×10^−3
OH	9.51×10^−3	2.50×10^−3	1.57×10^−2	4.09×10^−3
HO2	5.59×10^−4	6.77×10^−6	2.34×10^−3	2.07×10^−5
H2O2	2.00×10^−5	8.86×10^−7	4.75×10^−5	1.79×10^−6
NO	8.47×10^−2	5.65×10^−3	—	—
NO2	1.70×10^−3	4.93×10^−6	—	—
N2O	3.61×10^−4	3.02×10^−5	—	—
NH	1.70×10^−6	2.68×10^−5	—	—
NH2	—	2.42×10^−5	—	—
NH3	—	1.78×10^−5	—	—
HNO	5.95×10^−5	2.25×10^−5	—	—
HNO2	1.75×10^−4	2.16×10^−6	—	—

Note: solvent = water, initial bubble size (𝑅₀)=5 µm, temperature (𝑇)=303 K, static pressure (𝑃₀)=100 kPa, and frequency (𝑓)=20 kHz. O₂ > air > Ar > N₂.