19 metabolites associated with alcohol intake, and three biomarker candidates (threonine, guanidinosuccinate, and glutamine) were related to alcohol-induced liver injury. Glutamate/glutamine ratio might also be good biomarker.
Seven metabolites were identified, including creatinine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-leucine, and glutathione.
Metabolites significantly increased with large HCC were glutamate, acetate, and N-acetyl glycoproteins; metabolites that correlated with cirrhosis were lipids and glutamine. Metabolomic profiles of small HCC patients were similar to those of large HCC group.