The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator?

Table 1

Summary of studies in murine models supportive of a significant role of iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of AiLD.

Model	iNKT cells number	iNKT cells cytokine	Liver injury	References
Con-A-treated mice		IFN-γ IL-4 TNF-α		[11–13]
Con-A-treated mice; CCL2/MCP-1; neutralized		IFN-γ IL-4 TNF-α		[14]
Con-A-treated; CD1-deficient; mice	(- -)	(- -)		[15]
Con-A-treated; SOCS1 cKO mice	NS	IFN-γND IL-4 ND		[16]
Con-A-treated; SOCS3 cKO mice	NS	IFN-γ IL-4		[17]
Con-A-treated; PKC-θ(-/-) mice		IFN-γ TNF-α		[18]
Con-A-treated; Parp2(-/- )mice		IFN-γND		[19]
Con-A or CCl(4)-; treated mice		IL-33 (hepatocytes)		[20]
Con-A-treated; tpl2(−/−) mice		IFN-γ IL-4		[21]
Con-A-treated; PGAM5(−/−) mice		IFN-γ TNF-α		[22]
Ripk3(-/-) mice		IFN-γ TNF-α		[23]
dnTGF-βRII mice		IFN-γ		[24]
Xenobiotic-induced; C57BL/6 mice and; CD4 and CD8 KO mice		IFN-γ IL-4		[25, 26]
NOD.c3c4 mice		NS		[27]

: increased; : decreased.
(- -): absent; NS: not specified; ND: not different from WT.