Research Article
Digital Rectal Examination Is a Valuable Bedside Tool for Detecting Dyssynergic Defecation: A Diagnostic Study and a Meta-Analysis
Table 2
General characteristics of the included studies.
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DRE: digital rectal examination; HRAM: high-resolution anorectal manometry; AM: anorectal manometry; DEF: defecography; EMG: electromyography; CCT: colonic transit time; as-pc: anal sphincter paradoxical contraction; as-nr: anal sphincter nonrelaxing; am-nc: abdominal muscles not contracted; pd-a: perineal descent absent; pe-i: push effort impaired; pr-pc: puborectalis paradoxical contraction; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; tp: true positive; fp: false positive; fn: false negative; tn: true negative; NA: not available. |