The Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mediating the Effect of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on nonmalignant Digestive System Diseases: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomized Study

Table 1

Overview of the studies and consortia.

Traits	Data sources	Sample size (case/control)	Ancestry	Adjustments in the GWAS
UC	de Lange et al.	12,366/33,609	European	The first ten genetic principal components
CD	de Lange et al.	12,194/28,072	European	The first ten genetic principal components
AP	FinnGen	3,022/195,144	European	Age, sex, and the first ten genetic principal components
IBS	FinnGen	4,605/182,423	European	Age, sex, and the first ten genetic principal components
GERD	Ong et al.	129,080/473,524	European	Age, genetic sex, the first ten principal components, and cryptic relatedness
Cholelithiasis	FinnGen	19,023/195,144	European	Age, sex, and the first ten genetic principal components
CeD	Trynka et al.	11,812/11,837	European	Age, sex, and the first ten genetic principal components
IL-6	SCALLOP	21,758	European	Age and sex
CRP	Ligthart et al.	204,402	European	Age, sex, and population substructure
TNF-α	Cardiovascular risk in young finns study and the FINRISK studies	8293	European	Age, sex, body mass index, and the first ten genetic principal components

UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease, AP, acute pancreatitis; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; CeD, celiac disease; IL-6, interleukin 6; CRP, C-reactive protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; SCALLOP, systematic and combined analysis of olink proteins.