| | Costs | Prediagnosis phase | Initial phase | Late phase | Terminal phase | | Exposed | Unexposed | Net | Exposed | Unexposed | Net | Exposed | Unexposed | Net | Exposed | Unexposed | Net | | N = 5,575 | N = 5,575 | (95% CI) | N = 5,575 | N = 5,575 | (95% CI) | N = 1,535 | N = 1,535 | (95% CI) | N = 756 | N = 756 | (95% CI) |
| | Total costs, mean (sd) | 247 (953) | 159 (848) | 88 (55; 122) | 510 (1,019) | 187 (682) | 324 (291; 356) | 1,290 (2,054) | 274 (864) | 1,016 (901; 1,132) | 8,967 (9,485) | 7,992 (9,003) | 975 (−25; 1,974) | | Total costs, median (IQR) | 83 (46–170) | 32 (1–105) | | 196 (79–521) | 61 (18–157) | | 565 (192–1,543) | 78 (23–207) | — | 6,109 (2,734–12,351) | 5,760 (2,959–9,899) | — | | Costs by resource category, mean (sd) | | Outpatient services | 28 (350) | 20 (270) | 9 (−3; 20) | 56 (378) | 23 (192) | 34 (22; 45) | 171 (746) | 42 (360) | 129 (86; 172) | 791 (1,604) | 770 (1,610) | 21 (−152; 195) | | Physician services | 83 (149) | 57 (128) | 26 (20; 31) | 98 (138) | 59 (81) | 39 (34; 43) | 202 (485) | 73 (106) | 129 (103; 155) | 1,229 (1,134) | 998 (932) | 232 (119; 344) | | ED visits | 10 (36) | 6 (27) | 4 (3; 5) | 9 (22) | 6 (14) | 3 (3; 4) | 27 (88) | 8 (23) | 19 (14; 24) | 229 (228) | 180 (145) | 49 (28; 69) | | Same-day surgery | 4 (33) | 5 (40) | −1 (−2; 1) | 9 (53) | 6 (19) | 3 (1; 4) | 25 (46) | 8 (26) | 17 (14; 20) | 35 (112.0) | 36 (184) | −1 (−17; 16) | | Inpatient care | 53 (511) | 35 (492) | 19 (0; 38) | 65 (450) | 41 (411) | 24 (8; 41) | 253 (963) | 57 (359) | 196 (142; 249) | 5,156 (7,810) | 3,994 (7,530) | 1,162 (332; 1,991) | | Outpatient prescription | 21 (130) | 17 (106) | 5 (1; 9) | 237 (545) | 26 (146) | 211 (196; 226) | 533 (967) | 42 (149) | 491 (440; 542) | 481 (1,821) | 326 (688) | 156 (7; 305) | | Laboratory services | 31 (27) | 8 (15) | 22 (21; 23) | 14 (18) | 7 (8) | 7 (6; 8) | 18 (23) | 7 (8) | 10 (9; 11) | 22 (32) | 18 (28) | 4 (1; 7) | | Other services | 17 (394) | 15 (316) | 2 (−11; 15) | 27 (240) | 25 (273) | 2 (−8; 11) | 76 (463) | 51 (528) | 25 (−12; 61) | 1,023 (2,012) | 1,671 (2,807) | −648 (−912; −385) |
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Costs, standardized to 30 days, were collected cumulatively over each phase and rounded to the nearest dollar. CAD: Canadian dollar; CHC: chronic hepatitis C; CI: confidence interval; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation. Note. Negative attributable costs observed, for example, in the terminal phase for “other services,” often occur because exposed individuals are hospitalized and do not incur costs outside the hospital, but unexposed do.
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