Evaluation of Risk Factors for Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Nosocomial Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Table 3
Univariate analysis of risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial infections due to P. aeruginosa (CIP, AK, and CAZ).
Risk factors
CIP-R ( = 40) (-%)
CIP-S ( = 80) (-%)
AK-R ( = 26) (-% )
AK-S ( = 94) (-% )
CAZ-R ( = 38) (-% )
CAZ-S ( = 82) (-% )
>60 years old
22–55
48–60
0.600
14–53.8
56–59.6
0.600
25–65.8
45–54.9
0.259
Sex (male)
21–52.5
40–50
0.796
13–50
48–51.1
0.923
17–44.7
44–53.7
0.363
Intensive care unit type
NR-ICU
15–37.5
15–18.8
0.025
9–34.6
21–22.3
0.356
19–50
11–13.4
<0.001
AR-ICU
18–45
39–48.8
12–46.2
45–47.9
14–36.8
43–52.4
NRS-ICU
7–17.5
26–32.5
5–19.2
28–29.8
5–13.2
28–34.1
Intensive care unit stay > 60 days
31–77.5
51–63.6
0.127
24–92.3
58–61.7
0.003
28–73.7
54–65.9
0.391
Polymicrobial infection
35–87.5
55–68.8
0.025
23–88.5
67–71.3
0.073
33–86.8
57–69.5
0.041
Multiple isolation of P. aeruginosa
19–47.5
31–38.8
0.359
12–46.2
38–40.4
0.600
18–47.4
32–39
0.388
Time at risk > 30 days
20–76.9
58–61.7
0.150
21–80.8
58–61.7
0.070
26–68.4
53–64.6
0.684
APACHE II score (mean ± SD) (at time of isolation)
24.9 ± 6.9
22.9 ± 5.8
0.104
24.3 ± 6.9
23.4 ± 6.1
0.523
25.3 ± 6.4
22.8 ± 6.0
0.039
Mechanic ventilation
38–95
58–72.5
0.004
23–88.5
73–77.3
0.223
30–78.9
66–80.5
0.844
Enteral nutrition
38–95
67–83.8
0.079
25–96.2
80–85.1
0.132
34–89.5
71–86.6
0.656
Total parenteral nutrition
32–80
55–68.8
0.193
22–84.6
65–6.1
0.118
31–81.6
56–86.3
0.129
Thoracotomy tube
7–17.5
10–12.5
0.459
7–26.9
10–10.6
0.035
4–10.5
13–15.9
0.436
History of cerebrovascular disease
28–70
50–62.5
0.417
17–65.4
61–64.9
0.963
28–73.7
50–61
0.175
History of cardiovascular disease
35–87.5
63–78.8
0.243
22–84.6
76–80.9
0.661
35–92.1
63–76.8
0.044
History of surgical operation
10–25
30–37.5
0.171
4–15.4
36–38.3
0.028
5–13.2
35–42.7
0.001
Prior receipt of cefazolin
8–20
21–26.3
0.451
5–19.2
24–25.5
0.507
5–13.2
24–29.3
0.055
Prior receipt of ceftazidime
1–2.5
8–10
0.141
1–3.8
8–8.5
0.424
2–5.3
7–8.5
0.527
Prior receipt of meropenem
28–70
39–48.8
0.027
20–76.9
47–50
0.014
26–68.4
41–50
0.059
Prior receipt of amikacin
16–40
28–35
0.592
12–46.2
32–34
0.257
16–42.1
28–34.1
0.400
Prior receipt of piperacillin-tazobactam
20–50
30–37.5
0.190
13–50
37–39.4
0.330
20–52.6
30–36.6
0.091
Prior receipt of ciprofloxacin
6–15
4–5
0.062
3–11.5
7–7.4
0.504
6–15.8
4–4.9
0.044
Prior receipt of teicoplanin
14–35
24–30
0.579
9–34.6
29–30.9
0.715
12–31.6
26–31.7
0.989
NR-ICU: neurology intensive care unit, AR-ICU: anesthesia-reanimation intensive care unit, and NRS-ICU: neurosurgery intensive care unit. CIP: ciprofloxacin, AK: amikacin, and CAZ: ceftazidime. R: resistant and S: sensitive.
