Research Article
Increasing Number and Proportion of Adverse Obstetrical Outcomes among Women Living with HIV in the Ottawa Area: A 20-Year Clinical Case Series
Table 2
Descriptive statistics associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes among women living with HIV (
deliveries)
| | Variables ( = missing) | (%) | Yes () | No () | value |
| | Obstetrical factors at time of birth | | | | | | Parity | | | | | | 1 | 86 (67.72) | 19 (70.37) | 67 (67.00) | 0.812 | | 2 | 29 (22.83) | 5 (18.52) | 24 (24.00) | | | 3+ | 12 (9.45) | 3 (11.11) | 9 (9.00) | | | Gravidity | | | | | | 1 | 83 (65.35) | 16 (59.26) | 67 (67.00) | 0.755 | | 2 | 32 (25.20) | 8 (29.63) | 24 (24.00) | | | 3+ | 12 (9.45) | 3 (11.11) | 9 (9.00) | | | Mode of delivery ( = 11) | | | | | | Vaginal | 55 (47.41%) | 12 (44.44) | 43 (48.31) | 0.724 | | Caesarean section | 61 (52.59%) | 15 (55.56) | 46 (51.69) | | | Sociodemographic variables | | | | | | Age at delivery | | | | | | <20 years | 5 (3.93%) | 2 (7.41) | 3 (3.00) | 0.484 | | 20–35 years | 96 (7.56%) | 19 (70.37) | 77 (77.00) | | | 36+ years | 26 (20.47%) | 6 (22.22) | 20 (20.00) | | | Ethnicity | | | | | | African migrant | 88 (69.29%) | 19 (70.37) | 69 (69.00) | 0.891 | | Other | 39 (30.71%) | 8 (29.63) | 31 (31.00) | | | Immigrant status | | | | | | Canadian born | 46 (31.72) | 3 (11.11) | 40 (40.00) | 0.004 | | <10 years | 82 (56.55) | 22 (81.48) | 47 (47.00) | | | ≥10 years | 17 (11.72) | 2 (7.41) | 13 (13.00) | | | Health insurance | | | | | | Yes | 123 (96.85%) | 26 (96.30) | 97 (97.00) | 1.00 | | No | 4 (3.15%) | 1 (3.70) | 3 (3.00) | | | Living with partner ( = 27) | | | | | | Yes | 68 (68.00%) | 14 (66.67) | 54 (68.35) | 0.883 | | No | 32 (32.00%) | 7 (33.33) | 25 (31.65) | | | Housing ( = 11) | | | | | | Stable | 103 (88.79%) | 20 (86.96) | 83 (89.25) | 0.720 | | Unstable | 13 (11.21%) | 3 (13.04) | 10 (10.75) | | | Intravenous drug use | | | | | | Yes | 7 (5.51) | 2 (7.41) | 5 (5.00) | 0.640 | | No | 120 (94.49) | 25 (92.59) | 95 (95.00) | | | History of smoking | | | | | | Yes | 13 (10.24) | 5 (18.52) | 8 (8.00) | 0.148 | | No | 114 (89.76) | 22 (81.48) | 92 (92.00) | | | HIV related variables | | | | | | HIV diagnosis preconception ( = 25) | | | | | | Yes | 83 (81.37%) | 18 (78.26) | 65 (82.28) | 0.762 | | No | 19 (18.63%) | 5 (21.74) | 14 (17.72) | | | CD4 cell count ( = 21) | | | | | | <200 | 12 (11.32%) | 1 (3.85) | 11 (13.75) | 0.428 | | 200–499 | 47 (44.34%) | 12 (46.15) | 35 (43.75) | | | >500 | 47 (44.34%) | 13 (50.00) | 34 (42.50) | | | Virological suppression ( = 20) | | | | | | Yes | 72 (67.29%) | 20 (76.92) | 52 (64.20) | 0.229 | | No | 35 (32.71%) | 6 (23.08) | 29 (35.80) | | | ART regimen | | | | | | Any ART (yes versus no) | 101 (79.53) | 22 (81.48) | 79 (79.00) | 0.777 | | NRTI (yes versus no) | 96 (75.59) | 20 (74.07) | 76 (76.00) | 0.836 | | NRTI only (yes versus no) | 14 (11.02) | 1 (3.70) | 13 (13.00) | 0.171 | | NNRTI-based (yes versus no) | 12 (9.45) | 0 (0) | 12 (12.00) | — | | PI-based (yes versus no) | 81 (63.78) | 21 (77.78) | 60 (60.00) | 0.088 | | ART era | | | | | | Pre-ART (<1996) | 10 (7.87) | 1 (3.70) | 9 (9.00) | 0.151 | | Phase in ART (1996–2001) | 17 (13.39) | 1 (3.70) | 16 (16.00) | | | Highly effective ART (>2001) | 100 (78.74) | 25 (92.59) | 75 (75.00) | | | Comorbidities | | | | | | Hepatitis A | 0 (0%) | — | — | | | Hepatitis B | 5 (3.94%) | 1 (3.70) | 4 (4.00) | 1.000 | | Hepatitis C | 9 (7.09%) | 2 (7.41) | 7 (7.00) | 1.000 | | Psychiatric history | 21 (16.54%) | 8 (29.30) | 13 (13.00) | 0.040 | | STI history | 19 (14.96%) | 3 (11.11) | 16 (16.00) | 0.762 | | TB history | 27 (21.26%) | 7 (25.93) | 20 (20.00) | 0.597 | | Malaria history | 22 (17.32%) | 4 (14.81) | 18 (18.00) | 1.000 | | Diabetes | 8 (6.30%) | 2 (7.41) | 6 (6.00) | 0.678 | | Hypertension | 4 (3.15%) | 1 (3.70) | 3 (3.00) | 1.000 |
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Missing data were excluded from analysis. Column percentages.
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