Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Buruli Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Summary of types of specimen and transport media for BU diagnosis.

Materials for diagnosis	Types	Country of origin	Reference
Specimen	Swabs	Ghana	Yeboah-Manu et al. [26]; de Souza et al. [27]
		Togo	Bretzel et al. [28]
	Punch biopsy	Ghana	de Souza et al. [27]; Phillips et al. [29]
		Australia	O’Brien et al. [30]
		Togo	Bretzel et al. [28]
		Benin	Ruf et al. [31]
	Biopsy	Ghana	Stienstra et al. [32]
	Fine needle aspirate	Ghana	Ablordey et al. [33]; Yeboah-Manu et al. [26]
		Togo	Bretzel et al. [28]
		Benin	Eddyani et al. [19]
	Whole bone or curetted bone samples	Ghana	Herbinger et al. [17]; Bretzel et al. [24]
Transport media	Modified Dubos medium (P5 medium)	Ghana	Stienstra et al. [32]; Yeboah-Manu et al., [34]
	Liquid Middlebrook 7H9 broth	Benin	Eddyani et al. [19]; Dobos et al. [35];
	10% OADC augmented with PANTA	Ghana	Wansbrough-Jones and Phillips [9]
	Solid transport media (STM)	Benin	Eddyani et al. [19]
	Liquid Nitrogen	Ghana	Rondini et al. [21]; Beissner et al. [36]
Decontamination methods	Oxalic acid	Ghana	Mensah-Quainoo et al. [37]; Yeboah-Manu et al. [34]
	N-Acetyl-cysteine-NaOH technique	Ghana	Schunk et al. [8]
	Reversed Petroff technique	Ghana	O’Brien et al. [30]
		Benin	Eddyani et al. [19]
DNA extraction method	Commercial	Ghana	de Souza et al. [27]
	In-house	Ghana	Ablordey et al. [33]
	Modified Boom DNA extraction procedure	Ghana	Durnez et al. [38]; Affolabi et al. [39]
	Commercial Maxwell 16 DNA extraction	Ghana	Affolabi et al. [39]
	One tube cell lysis (OT)	Ghana	Durnez et al. [38]
	FastPrep procedure	Ghana	Durnez et al. [38]