Research Article
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Salmonella, Shigella, and Intestinal Parasites among Food Handlers in Motta Town, North West Ethiopia
Table 2
Bivariate analysis of risk factors associated with Salmonella and Shigella isolates in food handlers in Motta town, North West Ethiopia.
| | Characteristics | Noncarrier N (%) | Carrier N (%) | OR (95% CI) | value |
| | Sex | | Male | 39(92.8) | 3(7.2) | 1 | | | Female | 194(96.5) | 7(3.5) | 0.469(0.12–1.9) | 0.384 | | Age in years | | ≤20 | 98(97.0) | 3(3.0) | 0.37(0.03–3.8) | 0.402 | | 21–35 | 123(95.3) | 6(4.7) | 0.59(0.06–5.3) | 0.633 | | 36–50 | 12(92.3) | 1(7.7) | 1 | | | Educational level | | Illiterate | 49(96.1) | 2(3.7) | 0.74(0.06–8.6) | 0.806 | | Read and write | 4(80.0) | 1(20.0) | 4.5(0.23–88) | 0.322 | | Primary: 1–4 | 22(91.7) | 2(8.3) | 1.8(0.15–21) | 0.643 | | Primary: 5–8 | 78(97.5) | 2(2.5) | 0.52(0.45-0.04-5.2) | 0.524 | | Secondary: 9–12 | 62(96.9) | 2(3.1) | 0.58(0.05–6.7) | 0.665 | | College and above | 18(94.7) | 1(5.3) | 1 | | | Total year of service | | <1 year | 128(96.2) | 5(3.8) | 1 | | | ≥1 year | 105(95.4) | 5(4.6) | 1.219(0.344–4.324) | 0.759 | | Fingernail status | | Trimmed | 138(98.6) | 2(1.4) | 1 | | | Untrimmed | 95(92.2) | 8(7.8) | 5.811(1.207–27.967) | 0.020 | | Regular hand washing with soap after toilet | | Yes | 140(97.9) | 3(2.1) | 1 | | | No | 93(93.0) | 7(7.0) | 3.513(0.886–13.93) | 0.097 | | Preparing food during diarrhea, GI discomfort | | Yes | 90(95.7) | 4(4.3) | 1 | | | No | 143(96.0) | 6(4.0) | 0.944(0.259–3.438) | 1 | | Hand washing with soap before food preparation | | Yes | 115(98.3) | 2(1.7) | 1 | | | No | 118(93.6) | 8(6.7) | 3.9(0.811–18.75) | 0.105 | | Availability of clean toilet | | Yes | 126(97.7) | 3(2.3) | 1 | | | No | 107(93.8) | 7(6.2) | 2.8(0.69–10.89) | 0.197 | | Cutting raw meat and vegetables by using the same knife | | Yes | 54(94.7) | 3(5.3) | 1 | | | No | 179(96.2) | 7(3.7) | 0.28(0.078–1.006) | 0.054 | | Regular hand washing with soap before eating | | Yes | 121(98.4) | 2(1.6) | 1 | | | No | 112(93.3) | 8(6.7) | 4.32(0.9–20.78) | 0.058 | | Washing of fruit before eating | | Yes | 126(97.7) | 3(2.3) | 1 | | | No | 107(93.8) | 7(6.2) | 2.75(0.693–10.89) | 0.197 | | Wearing hair cover during food processing | | Yes | 138(97.2) | 4(2.8) | 1 | | | No | 95(94.0) | 6(6.0) | 2.2(0.59–7.93) | 0.327 | | Wearing kitchen gown during food preparation | | Yes | 130(98.5) | 2(1.5) | 1 | | | No | 103(92.8) | 8(7.2) | 5.04(1.049–24.29) | 0.047 | | Cleaning utensils | | Yes | 164(97.0) | 5(3.0) | 1 | | | No | 69(93.2) | 5(6.8) | 2.4(0.667–8.47) | 0.178 |
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Note. OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.
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