Effects of Different SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategies in the Emergency Department on Length of Stay and Clinical Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline data.
Total n = 598
Group one-antigentest + point of care rtPCR test, n = 198
Group two-pointof care rtPCR test, n = 197
Control group: group three-centrallaboratory rtPCR test, n = 203
Total n(mis) =
value (two-sided) =
Age (years)
65 (51–77)
63 (49–75)
65 (52–77)
67 (55–78)
0
0.054
Sex (female)
268 (44.80%)
83 (41.90%)
96 (48.70%)
89 (43.80%)
0
0.374
SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated
444 (76.90%)
144 (74.60%)
143 (75.30%)
157 (87.30%)
21
0.27
Vaccine
36
0.11
Comirnaty (BioNTech)
302 (74.02%)
102 (77.27%)
89 (68.46%)
111 (76.03%)
Spikevax (Moderna)
51 (12.50%)
19 (14.39%)
14 (10.77%)
18 (12.33%)
Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca)
28 (6.86%)
5 (3.79%)
13 (10%)
10 (6.85%)
Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)
6 (1.47%)
0 (0%)
5 (3.85%)
1 (0.68%)
Multiple vaccine types
21 (5.15%)
6 (4.55%)
9 (6.92%)
6 (4.11%)
Risk factors
Smoking
122 (20.40%)
36 (18.20%)
45 (22.80%)
41 (20.20%)
23
0.529
Obesity = BMI > 29.9
115 (19.40%)
42 (21.20%)
43 (21.80%)
30 (14.80%)
30
0.126
Vital parameters
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
134 (120–149)
134 (122–150)
131.50 (121–146)
134 (118–150)
23
0.563
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
80 (70–89)
81 (71–90)
80 (70–90)
80 (70–86.50)
23
0.174
Heart rate per minute
88 (76–101)
89 (78–102.25)
86 (76–102)
87 (74–99)
44
0.178
Body temperature (°C)
36.70 (36.50–37.10)
36.80 (36.50–37.10)
36.70 (36.50–37.20)
36.70 (36.40–37.10)
30
0.338
Respiratory rate per minute
16 (15–18)
16 (15–18)
16 (15–19)
16 (15–18)
196
0.588
Oxygen saturation (%)
99 (97–100)
99 (98–100)
98 (97–100)
99 (97–100)
26
0.012
Symptoms
Fever
106 (17.70%)
36 (18.20%)
37 (18.80%)
33 (16.30%)
4
0.837
Dry cough
46 (7.70%)
20 (10.10%)
14 (7.10%)
12 (5.90%)
31
0.747
Haemoptysis
6 (10%)
3 (1.50%)
0 (0.00%)
3 (1.50%)
30
0.693
Sore throat
11 (1.80%)
0 (0.00%)
5 (2.50%)
6 (3.00%)
32
0.32
Rhinitis
7 (1.20%)
3 (1.50%)
1 (0.50%)
3 (1.50%)
32
0.584
Headache/melalgia/muscular pain
68 (11.40%)
16 (8.10%)
26 (13.20%)
26 (12.80%)
33
0.351
Dyspnea
156 (26.10%)
44 (22.20%)
57 (28.90%)
55 (27.10%)
30
0.324
Gastrointestinal problems
212 (35.50%)
73 (36.90%)
70 (35.50%)
69 (34.00%)
29
0.925
Charlson Comorbidity Index
2.00 (1.00–4.00)
2.00 (0.00–3.25)
2.00 (0.50–4.00)
2.00 (1.00–4.00)
0
0.704
Pregnancy (women only)
2 (0.30%)
0 (0.00%)
0 (0.00%)
2 (1.00%)
59
0.058
Laboratory values
pH
7.39 (7.36–7.42)
7.39 (7.36–7.43)
7.39 (7.37–7.42)
7.39 (7.36–7.42)
38
0.391
Sodium (mg/dL)
139 (136–141)
139 (135–142)
139 (135.75–141)
139 (136–141)
30
0.978
Potassium (mg/dL)
4.10 (3.80–4.50)
4.10 (3.80–4.40)
4.10 (3.80–4.50)
4.10 (3.80–4.50)
24
0.61
Glucose (mg/dL)
122 (106–152)
122 (107–153)
121 (105–153)
122.5 (108.00–149.25)
33
0.675
Lactate (mg/dL)
14.00 (10.00–19.25)
14.00 (10.00–20.50)
14.00 (9.00–18.00)
14.00 (10.00–21.00)
40
0.183
CRP (mg/L)
20.20 (4.10–76.70)
21.80 (3.48–77.53)
20.15 (4.68–76.63)
19.00 (4.30–76.80)
105
0.968
Leucocytes (nL)
8.78 (6.59–11.85)
9.34 (7.30–12.44)
8.58 (6.48–11.79)
8.10 (6.35–11.39)
11
0.048
PCT (μg/L)
0.15 (0.06–0.47)
0.18 (0.07–0.66)
0.16 (0.07–0.60)
0.13 (0.60−0.33)
350
0.228
SARS-CoV-2 test result
0
0.477
Negative
588 (98.30%)
194 (98.00%)
192 (97.50%)
202 (99.50%)
No test
1 (0.20%)
0 (0.00%)
1 (0.50%)
0 (0.00%)
Positive
9 (1.50%)
4 (2.00%)
4 (2.00%)
1 (0.50%)
Positive with ct > 30
6 (66.67%)
4 (100%)
2 (50.00%)
0 (0.00%)
0.317
Positive with ct < 30
3 (33.33%)
0 (0.00%)
2 (50.00%)
1 (100%)
Note. Baseline characteristics are shown for the total study population and each group. Median (IQR) or absolute frequency (relative frequency as valid percentage) is shown. Because not all datasets were complete, the number of missing values for each item is noted as “Total n (mis) =”. Positive SARS-CoV-2 results were divided into cycle threshold (ct) values > 30 and ct < 30. Bold values indicate that p values < 0.05 are significant.
