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Radioisotope | Nanomaterial | Radiolabeling method | Imaging techniques | Application | Reference |
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64Cu | Fe3O4-polyaspartic acid | Chelate approach (DOTA) | PET/MRI | Imaging of tumor integrin expression | [26] |
64Cu | γ-Fe2O3-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (DOTA) | PET/MRI | Biodistribution studies | [27] |
64Cu | Fe3O4-dopamine-human serum albumin | Chelate approach (DOTA) | PET/MRI | U87MG tumor imaging | [28] |
64Cu | Fe3O4-dextran | Chelate approach (DOTA) | PET/MRI | Cardiovascular plaque imaging | [29] |
64Cu | Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid-Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (DOTA) | PET/MRI | Tumor imaging in breast cancer models | [30] |
64Cu | Fe3O4-dextran | Chelate approach (DOTA) | PET/MRI | Activated macrophage detection in atherosclerotic plaques | [31] |
64Cu | Fe3O4-dextran | Chelate approach (DTCBP) | PET/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [32] |
64Cu | -dextran | Chelate approach (DTPA) | PET/MRI | Activated macrophage detection in atherosclerotic plaques | [33] |
64Cu | -dextran | Chelate approach (DTPA) | PET/MRI | Myeloid cell detection in cardiac allografts | [34] |
64Cu | Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (NOTA) | PET/MRI | Combined targeted anticancer drug delivery and tumor imaging | [35] |
64Cu | Melanin-Fe-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (Melanin) | PET/MRI | Imaging of tumor integrin expression | [36] |
64Cu | Fe3O4-MoS2-polyethylene glycol | Chelate–free synthesis | PET/MRI | Combined photothermal therapy and imaging of tumors in breast cancer models | [37] |
68Ga | Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Chelate-free synthesis | PET/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [38] |
68Ga | Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (NOTA) | PET/MRI | Tumor imaging of HT-29 xenografts | [39] |
68Ga | Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (NOTA) | PET/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [40] |
68Ga | γ-Fe2O3-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid-b-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (NODA) | PET/MRI | Biodistribution studies | [41] |
68Ga | Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (DOTA) | PET/MRI | PSMA-positive tumor imaging | [42] |
68Ga | γ-Fe2O3-dextran | Core-doping approach | PET/MRI | Imaging of tumor integrin expression | [23] |
18F | -dextran | Click chemistry (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) | PET/MRI | Biodistribution studies | [43] |
18F | Fe3O4-oleylamine branched polyacrylic acid | Chelate approach (NOTA) | PET/MRI | Biodistribution studies | [44] |
18F | -dextran | Click chemistry (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) | PET/MRI | Macrophage detection in aortic aneurysms | [45] |
124I | Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Surface labeling | PET/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [46] |
124I | MnFe2O4-serum albumin | Surface labeling | PET/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [47] |
11C | Fe3O4-COOH | Surface labeling | PET/MRI | Biodistribution studies | [48] |
89Zr | Fe3O4-dextran | Chelate approach (DFO) | PET/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [49] |
69Ge | Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Core-doping approach | SPECT/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [50] |
| Fe3O4-dextran | Chelate approach (DPA) | SPECT/MRI | Biodistribution studies | [22] |
| Fe3O4-dopamine-lactobionic acid | Chelate approach (DTPA) | SPECT/MRI | Liver imaging | [51] |
| Fe3O4-polyethylene glycol | Chelate approach (pertechnetate) | SPECT/MRI | Lymph node imaging | [52] |
125I | Fe3O4-dextran | Chelate approach (CMD) | SPECT/MRI | Tumor imaging of breast cancer models | [53] |
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