Review Article
Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Heterogeneity: Imaging Perspectives Using MR Imaging and Spectroscopy
Figure 8
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) detection by MRS in isocitrate dehydrogenase- (IDH-) mutated glioma patients. In vivo single-voxel localized spectra from normal brain (a) and tumors ((b)–(f)), at 3 T, are shown together with spectral fits (LCModel) and the components of 2HG, GABA, glutamate, and glutamine, and voxel positioning (2 × 2 × 2 cm3). Spectra are scaled on the water signal from the voxel. Vertical lines are drawn at 2.25 ppm to indicate the H4 multiplet of 2HG. Shown in brackets is the estimated metabolite concentration (mM) ± standard deviation. Cho: choline; Cr: creatine; NAA: N-acetyl aspartate; Glu: glutamate; Gln: glutamine; GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid; Gly: glycine; Lac: lactate; Lip: lipids. Scale bars: 1 cm (adapted from [19]).
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