Markers Population (no.) Age at entry (y) Followup (y) Covariates End events (no.) Model based Prognostic values Discrimination, calibration, and reclassification Reference SBP General Japanese man (48224) 40–89 8.4 Age, BMI, serum total cholesterol, and smoking Stroke (1231) and MI events (220) Poisson regression model For stroke, HR = 1.51; For MI, HR = 1.23 NR [33 ] DBP For stroke, HR = 1.53; For MI, HR = 1.17 MBP For stroke, HR = 1.60; For MI, HR = 1.22 PP For stroke, HR = 1.27; For MI, HR = 1.17 Visit-to-visit variability (SD) in SBP Patients with prev. transient ischaemic attack (1324) 60.3 (mean) 2 Age, sex, mean SBP, and other risk factors Stroke (270), coronary event (166) Cox model For stroke, HR = 6.22 NR [34 ] Maximum SBP reached For stroke, HR=15.01 Episodic severe hypertension For stroke, HR = 3.58 Residual visit-to-visit variability (SD) Patients with treated hypertension (2011) 40–79 5.5 NR Stroke and coronary event Cox model For stroke, HR = 3.25 NR [34 ] Variability (CoV of daytime SBP) in ABPM For vascular events, HR = 1.42 Clinic SBP; Subjects fulfilling series of exclusion and inclusion criteria (3344)
5.6 Age, sex, and diabetes Total CVD events (331) Cox model HR = 1.35 NR [35 ] Awake SBP mean; HR = 1.35 Asleep SBP mean; HR = 1.52 48-h SBP mean; HR = 1.43 Sleep-time relative decline; HR = 0.72 SD of awake SBP; HR = 1.29 SD of asleep SBP; HR = 1.22 SD of 48-h SBP HR = 1.24 Morning surge SBP HR = 0.79 24-h DBP SD; Subjects referred for assessment of their hypertension (10499) 54.5 (mean) 5.8 Age, sex, and BMI, smoking, prev. CVD, 24-h BP, and 24-h DBP CV death Cox model HR = 1.04 NR [36 ] 24-h wDBP SD; HR = 1.06 DBP ARV; HR = 1.06 Daytime SBP Untreated hypertension patients (5292) 16.2–92.4 8.4 Age, sex, BMI, smoking, diabetes, prev. CVD events, and clinic SBP All-cause mortality (646) Cox model HR = 1.07 NR [24 ] Nighttime SBP HR = 1.15 24-h SBP HR = 1.13 Daytime systolic BP variability > 18.8 General Japanese subjects (1542)
408.5 Age, sex, smoking, diabetes, use of antihypertensive medication, obesity, prev. hyperlipidemia, CVD, 24-h SBP, DBP, and heart rate CV mortality (67) Cox model RR = 2.69 NR [23 ] Daytime heart rate variability < 7.2 RR = 4.45 Bruce stage 2 DBP Framingham 20–69 20 Age, sex CVD events (240) Cox model HR = 1.41; NR
[25 ] Bruce stage 2 SBP Study HR = 0.97 Recovery DBP after exercise (3rd min) Subjects (3045) HR = 1.53 Bruce stage 2 SBP > 180 mmHg (versus SBP ≤ 180 mmHg) Asymptomatic patients (6578) 30–70 20 Age, sex, diabetes, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, BMI, and family history CVD death (385) Cox model HR = 1.96 Net reclassification improvement, SBP, 12%; DBP, 9.9% [37 ] Bruce stage 2 DBP > 90 mmHg (versus DBP ≤ 90 mmHg) HR = 1.48