A Review of the Combination of Experimental Measurements and Fibril-Reinforced Modeling for Investigation of Articular Cartilage and Chondrocyte Response to Loading

Figure 3

Multiscale modeling allows for simulation of macroscale effects on microscale. In this example, a macromodel (global model, on the right) was used to simulate knee joint function and the effects on a single chondrocyte in femoral cartilage were simulated in microscale using submodeling (on the left). The transient boundary conditions were driven by the global model.