Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics of the Human Knee Joint

Table 1

Classification of constitutive models of knee tissues used in the literature for the computational modeling of the knee joint.

Tissue	Material model
	Single-phase (solid phases only)							Poromechanical
	Rigid	Spring elements	Linear elastic		Hyperelastic	Viscoelastic	Fiber-reinforced	Fiber-reinforced
			Isotropic	Transversely isotropic
Bones		[80, 81, 84–88, 97, 107–111, 113–116, 121, 137, 143, 148, 150, 158–160, 190–195, 199–201, 206, 213]		[32, 105, 110, 136, 138, 144–146, 150, 152, 157, 198, 209, 215]
Articular cartilages		Rigid femoral cartilage; deformable tibial cartilage [81]		[18, 80, 81, 84, 85, 97, 105, 108–111, 114–116, 121, 136, 137, 142, 143, 145, 146, 150, 152, 157–160, 190, 191, 193–195, 199, 200, 209]	[105]	[113, 174, 214]		[113, 148, 198]	[32, 86–88, 112, 138, 139]
Menisci		[81, 107, 108, 143, 190]	[18, 84, 105, 109, 142, 150, 157, 193–195, 199, 200, 209]	[85, 97, 110–112, 136, 160]	[113]		[80, 113–116, 148, 158, 159, 191, 198]	[32, 86–88, 138, 139]
Ligaments		[80, 81, 97, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113–116, 143, 148, 150, 158, 159, 190, 191, 206, 210, 211]	[215]		[18, 84, 85, 109, 142, 192–195, 199, 209]	[86–88]	[206]