Research Article

3D Texture Analysis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Tissue Image Grading

Table 9

The list of the 3D texture features extracted.

FeaturesEquations

3D GLCM1
 Angular second moment (also called energy)
 Entropy
 Correlation
 Contrast
 Variance
 Sum mean
 Sum variance
 Cluster shade
 Cluster tendency
 Second-order inverse difference moment
(also called homogeneity)
 Peak transition probability
  Second-order diagonal moment
3D Wavelet2
 Energy for 8 subbands (WEN1~8)
 Entropy for 8 subbands (WET1~8)

represents a cooccurrence matrix. .
represents a 3D matrix for a certain band.