A Review of Techniques for Detection of Movement Intention Using Movement-Related Cortical Potentials

Table 1

Experiment protocols of studies reviewed.

Reference	Number of subjects	Number of electrodes	Movement type	Self-paced or cue-based	Brain signals
(Yom-Tov and Inbar, 2003) [43]	5 (healthy)	9, 4 out of 9 channels were used	Executed finger movement (button press)	Self-paced	MRPs
(Haw et al., 2006) [60]	5 (not mentioned)	1	Executed finger movements	Cue-based	BP
(Bai et al., 2007) [61]	12 (healthy)	122	Executed hand movement	Self-paced	MRCPs and ERD (event-related desynchronization)
(Boye et al., 2008) [53]	1 (not mentioned)	9	Executed and imagined foot movement (isometric plantar-flexion), but only imaginary task was further analyzed	Cue-based	MRCP
(Kato et al., 2011) [34]	7 (not mentioned)	1	Executed and imagined finger movements (button press)	Cue-based	CNV
(Niazi et al., 2011) [42]	19 (healthy) and 5 (stroke patients)	10	Executed and imagined foot movement (ankle dorsiflexion)	Self-paced	BP
(Lew et al., 2012) [63]	8 (healthy), 2 (control), and 2 (stroke patients)	64, 34 out of 64 channels were used	Executed arm movements (reaching task)	Self-paced	BP
(Niazi et al., 2012) [19]	16 (healthy)	10	Imagined foot movements (dorsiflexion)	Self-paced	MRCP
(Niazi et al., 2013) [65]	20 (healthy) and 5 (stroke patients)	10	Executed and imagined foot movements (dorsiflexion)	Self-paced	MRCP
(Ahmadian et al., 2013) [64]	3 (healthy)	128 channels	Finger movement (button press)	Self-paced	BP
(Jochumsen et al., 2013) [39]	12 (healthy)	10	Executed foot movement (isometric dorsiflexion)	Cue-based	MRCP
(Jiang et al., 2015) [66]	9 (healthy)	9	Executed foot movements (stepping)	Self-paced	MRCP
(Xu et al., 2014) [20]	9 (healthy)	9	Executed and imagery foot movements (dorsiflexion)	Self-paced	MRCP