A Further Finite Element Stress Analysis of Angled Abutments for an Implant Placed in the Anterior Maxilla

Table 1

Different assumptions concerning jawbone model, loading condition in previous and present studies.

	Jawbone models	Angulation of abutments	Loading condition
Clelland et al. [11]	Models constructed from computed tomography images	0°, 15°, and 20°	178 N applied along the long axis of abutment
Saab et al. [9]	Models constructed from computed tomography images	20°	178 N oblique loading
Kao et al. [12]	Simplified models	0°, 15°, and 25°	89 N oblique loading
Tian et al. [13]	Simplified models	0° and 20°	100 N axial and oblique loading
Bahuguna et al. [19]	Simplified models	0°, 10°, 15°, and 20°	100 N, 125 N, 150 N, 175 N, and 200 N axial loading; 50 N oblique loading.
Present study	Simplified patient-specific models and simplified models	From 0° to 60°	100 N axial and oblique loading