Two-Phase Incremental Kernel PCA for Learning Massive or Online Datasets

Table 2

Experimental results of learning time on different digit (sec).

	Training stage					Testing stage
	“0”	“2”	“4”	“6”	“8”	“0”	“2”	“4”	“6”	“8”
KPCA	1.75 ± 0.055	1.74 ± 0.018	1.74 ± 0.021	1.76 ± 0.036	1.74 ± 0.030	0.358 ± 0.022	0.351 ± 0.013	0.357 ± 0.012	0.352 ± 0.011	0.354 ± 0.011
IKPCA-RS	43.68 ± 0.049	41.32 ± 0.038	43.21 ± 0.068	44.75 ± 0.074	42.87 ± 0.059	0.221 ± 0.009	0.243 ± 0.011	0.208 ± 0.014	0.169 ± 0.017	0.214 ± 0.008
INKPCA	23.67 ± 0.032	22.13 ± 0.038	23.91 ± 0.041	23.10 ± 0.047	22.13 ± 0.035	0.360 ± 0.023	0.358 ± 0.014	0.353 ± 0.012	0.355 ± 0.012	0.352 ± 0.011
TP-IKPCA	1.89 ± 0.019	3.06 ± 0.017	1.67 ± 0.043	1.40 ± 0.024	2.27 ± 0.031	0.181 ± 0.012	0.251 ± 0.008	0.162 ± 0.016	0.144 ± 0.013	0.199 ± 0.010
r	242	351	219	190	282	242	351	219	190	282