Critical Analysis of Electromagnetic Hyperthermia Randomized Trials: Dubious Effect and Multiple Biases

Table 11

Estimated distortion of neoadjuvant (induction) treatment results of Issels et al. [23] trial.

Factors	Arm →	TChT		ChT		Distortion (→TChT)
	Pat Nr →	Nr	%	Nr	%	Δ%	Weight	Dist%
	Impact ↓	169	49,6%	172	50,4%
General factors
Tumor size	Reverse	11		11,3		2,7%	100%	2,7%
3 grade	Reverse	84	49,7%	94	54,7%	10,0%	52%	5,2%
Total						12,7%		7,9%
Chemotherapy
Number of ChT treated	Direct	165	97,6%	167	97,1%	0,6%	97%	0,5%
4 cycles	Direct	151	89,3%	146	84,9%	5,3%	87%	4,6%
1–3 cycles	Reverse	14	8,3%	21	12,2%	47,4%	10%	4,9%
0 cycles	Reverse	4	2,4%	5	2,9%	22,8%	3%	0,6%
Total						76,0%		10,6%
TOTAL								18,5%
Immediate local response
No measurable disease	Direct	52	30,8%	46	26,7%	15,1%	29%	4,3%
Measurable disease	Reverse	117	69,2%	126	73,3%	5,8%	71%	4,1%
Total						20,9%		8,5%