S100B Protein, a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Protein in the Brain and Heart, and Beyond
Figure 1
Schematic representation of extracellular effects of S100B in brain, heart, and vasculature. (a) At low concentrations, S100B promotes neuronal survival and stimulates neurite outgrowth via stimulation of RAGE signaling. (b) At high concentrations, S100B causes neuronal death both directly via excessive stimulation of RAGE signaling in neurons and indirectly via RAGE-dependent activation of microglia and astrocytes. (c) At high concentrations, S100B stimulates VSMC proliferation via RAGE activation. See text for details. (d) S100B released from necrotic cardiomyocytes kills nearby, surviving cardiomyocytes via RAGE activation.
