Validation of the Turkish Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale
Table 1
Demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics of male and female participants with type 2 diabetes, who were treated in the outpatient clinic of the Istanbul University Hospital or the Cerrahpaşa University Hospital.
Istanbul University Hospital
Cerrahpaşa University Hospital
Male
Female
Male
Female
% (n)
48% (47)
52% (51)
41% (23)
59% (33)
Age (years)
56 ± 10
55 ± 9
60 ± 13
56 ± 9
BMI
27 ± 3
30 ± 5
29 ± 4
31 ± 6
(mmol/mol)
6.8 ± 1.2 (51)
6.6 ± 0.9 (49)
6.3 ± 0.9 (45)
6.6 ± 0.9 (49)
Duration of diabetes (years)
<1
9% (4/47)
2% (1/51)
26% (6/23)
15% (5/33)
1-2
15% (7/47)
16% (8/51)
9% (2/23)
15% (5/33)
3-4
15% (7/47)
20% (10/51)
13% (3/23)
15% (5/33)
5–10
38% (18/47)
41% (21/51)
35% (8/23)
30% (10/33)
>10
23% (11/47)
22% (11/51)
17% (4/23)
24% (8/33)
Level of education
*
*
Primary school
2% (1/47)
28% (14/51)
9% (2/23)
46% (15/33)
Middle school
15% (7/47)
6% (3/51)
13% (3/23)
24% (8/33)
College/High school
34% (16/47)
24% (12/51)
30% (7/23)
9% (3/33)
University
49% (23/47)
43% (22/51)
48% (11/23)
21% (7/33)
Diabetes complications
No complication
60% (28/47)
63% (32/51)
70% (16/23)
64% (21/33)
Retinopathy
9% (4/47)
4% (2/51)
0% (0/23)
6% (2/33)
Cardiovascular
15% (7/47)
14% (7/51)
17% (4/23)
6% (2/33)
Nephropathy
2% (1/47)
6% (3/51)
0% (0/23)
6% (2/33)
Neuropathy
23% (11/47)
24% (12/51)
13% (3/23)
21% (7/33)
Foot problem
13% (6/47)
8% (4.51)
4% (1/23)
9% (3/33)
Mean CES-D score (depression)
9.7 ± 7.8
11.6 ± 8.9
7.3 ± 8.1
14.3 ± 13.0
High level of depression (CES-D ≥ 16)
13% (6/46)
24% (12/49)
22% (5/23)
40% (13/33)
Mean PAID total score (0–100)
28 ± 23
34 ± 22
30 ± 23
39 ± 24
Mean ITAS total score
52 ± 10
56 ± 9
54 ± 9
53 ± 13
*
, comparing men and women within the same hospital.
