Research Article

Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Possible Role in Posttraumatic Epilepsy

Table 1

Patient characteristics. Thirty-seven patients with TBI were enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients presented at our outpatient clinic with general complaints such as headaches and were included in the non-epileptic group. Nineteen patients presented with seizures and were included in the PTE patient group. sLORETA localization to Brodmann areas of abnormal EEG activity and enhancement is presented in parentheses.

#AgeSymptomsAbnormal enhancementEEG interpretation

122Acute stress reactionNo disruption
224Cognitive impairmentRt. frontal (47)Normal
337HeadachesNo disruption
449HeadachesNo disruption
519HeadachesNormal
625HeadachesNo disruptionNormal
727HeadachesNo disruption
817HeadachesNo disruption
925HeadachesNo disruptionNormal
1017HeadachesNo disruption
1122HeadachesNo disruption
1246HeadachesRt. parietal (38)
1313HeadachesRt. Parieto-occipital (18)Normal (18Rt)
1423HeadachesNormal
1513HeadachesNormal
1662HeadachesNo disruption
1718HeadachesNo disruption
1822Motor Aphasia, Rt. Central FacialisLt. parietal (9)Lt. fronto- parietal delta activity (9)
1934Behavioral Changes, Susp. Temporal seizuresRt. temporal (21)Rt. fronto-temporal delta activity (21)
2029SeizuresNormal
2112SeizuresLt. temporal delta activity (47)
2223SeizuresLt. parietal (40)Lt. parietal epileptiform focus (47)
2362SeizuresLt. parietal (2)
2415SeizuresRt. parietal (40)Rt. Temporo-parietal epileptiform activity (40)
2510SeizuresNo disruptionLt. frontal delta activitv 01 )
2618SeizuresRt. temporo-occipital (37)Rt. Temporal teta activitv (38)
2718SeizuresRt. parietal (40)
2837SeizuresRt. temporal (47)Rt. Temporal epileptiform focus (47)
2968Seizures+ Rt. HemiparesisLt. parietal (3)
3017SeizuresNo disruptionNormal
3115SeizuresLt. temporo-parietal delta activity (38)
3249SeizuresNo disruptionNormal
3328SeizuresLt. parietal (40)Lt. temporo-parietal epileptiform activity (19)
3417SeizuresLt. fronto-parietal (8)Lt. frontal delta activity (47)
3523SeizuresRt. parietal (40)
3616SeizuresLt. parietal (40)
3723SeizuresLt. fronto-temporal epileptiform activity (11)