The Clinical Features and Emotional Stressors in Korean Patients with Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy

Table 1

The comparison of clinical characteristics between the subgroups.

	Total (n = 103)	E group (n = 15)	Other group (n = 88)	P
Age (years)^†	59.0 (52.0–72.0)	58.0 (54.0–78.0)	59.0 (52.0–72.0)	0.578
Male gender, n (%)	33 (32)	2 (13)	31 (35)	0.093
Body surface area (m^2)	1.6 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.2	0.093
Hypertension, n (%)	32 (31)	2 (13)	30 (34)	0.108
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	22 (21)	2 (13)	20 (23)	0.412
Current smoker, n (%)	8 (8)	2 (13)	6 (7)	0.384
Underlying diseases
Stroke/transient ischemic attack, n (%)	6 (6)	0 (0)	6 (7)	0.297
Liver cirrhosis, n (%)	2 (2)	0 (0)	2 (2)	0.555
Chronic renal failure, n (%)	7 (7)	0 (0)	7 (8)	0.258
Malignancy, n (%)	18 (17)	0 (0)	18 (20)	0.054
Clinical presentation
Chest pain, n (%)	50 (49)	13 (87)	37 (42)	0.001*
Dyspnea, n (%)	54 (52)	9 (60)	45 (51)	0.525
Palpitation, n (%)	9 (9)	4 (27)	5 (6)	0.008*
Loss of consciousness, n (%)	1 (1)	0 (0)	1 (1)	0.678
Nausea/vomiting, n (%)	10 (10)	0 (0)	10 (11)	0.169
Cardiogenic shock, n (%)	32 (31)	1 (7)	31 (35)	0.027*
Pulmonary edema, n (%)	42 (41)	6 (40)	36 (41)	0.947

^†Presented as median (interquartile range). *Significant finding.