Cardiac Responses during Picture Viewing in Young Male Patients with Schizophrenia
Table 4
Beta coefficients of the HLM for cardiac responses to emotion-eliciting pictures in medication free patients, medicated patients, and healthy control subjects.
Factor
Comparison between GroAFPs
Comparison between picture types
Beta coefficient
Standard error
-score*
Constant
−0.13
1.11
−0.12
AFP versus C
−0.88
0.43
−2.04
Group
MP versus C
1.60
0.36
4.51
MP versus AFP
2.51
0.45
5.57
Neg. versus Neu.
−2.12
0.24
−8.76
Picture type
Pos. versus Neu.
−1.79
0.24
−7.39
Pos. versus Neg.
0.33
0.24
1.37
Time1
−5.63
1.72
−3.27
Time2
−0.03
1.72
−0.02
AFP versus C
Neg. versus Neu.
0.59
0.56
1.05
MP versus C
Neg. versus Neu.
1.54
0.40
3.86
MP versus AFP
Neg. versus Neu.
0.92
0.60
1.54
AFP versus C
Pos. versus Neu.
1.65
0.56
2.93
Group Picture Type
MP versus C
Pos. versus Neu.
0.69
0.40
1.72
MP versus AFP
Pos. versus Neu.
−1.02
0.60
−1.71
AFP versus C
Pos. versus Neg.
1.06
0.56
1.89
MP versus C
Pos. versus Neg.
−0.86
0.40
−2.15
MP versus AFP
Pos. versus Neg.
−1.92
0.60
−3.20
AFP versus C
−0.60
0.83
−0.72
Group Time1
MP versus C
1.85
0.64
2.92
MP versus AFP
2.46
0.91
2.70
AFP versus C
−0.69
0.83
−0.83
Group Time2
MP versus C
−1.00
0.64
−1.57
MP versus AFP
−0.30
0.91
−0.33
Neg. versus Neu.
−3.15
0.65
−4.85
Picture Type Time
Pos. versus Neu.
−2.26
0.65
−3.48
Pos. versus Neg.
0.90
0.65
1.38
Neg. versus Neu.
0.26
0.65
0.40
Picture Type Time
Pos. versus Neu.
0.37
0.65
0.56
Pos. versus Neg.
0.11
0.65
0.17
Age
0.10
0.02
4.95
Medication duration
−0.17
0.03
−5.09
Illness duration
−0.02
0.01
−2.88
HR baseline
−0.03
0.01
−3.71
Ln(HRV HF)
−0.09
0.08
−1.09
Ln(HRV_HF) Time1
0.82
0.23
3.62
Ln(HRV_HF) Time2
0.18
0.23
0.79
POMS TMD score
0.01
0.01
2.33
*Numbers expressed in bold indicate significant effects at the 0.05 level. HR: heart rate; Ln(HF-HRV): natural logarithm of high frequency heart rate variability; POMS: profile of mood states; TMD: total mood disturbance; AFP: antipsychotic-free patients; C: control; MP: medicated patients; Neg: negative pictures; Neu: neutral pictures; Pos: positive pictures.
